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@INPROCEEDINGS{Acem:ISFEH2022,
  author       = {Z. Acem and R. Mehaddi and V. Dréan and J. Laumesfeld and G. Parent and A. Collin and N. Proal and A. Wilhelm},
  title        = {{Water Sprays Cooling of a Hot Metallic Plate}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, 22-27 May, 2022, Oslo, Norway},
  year         = {2022},
  pages        = {576-584},
  publisher    = {University of South-Eastern Norway}
}

@TECHREPORT{Achakji:1987,
  author       = {G.Y. Achakji},
  title        = {{NRCC Experimental Fire Tower for Studies on Smoke Movement and Smoke Control in Tall Buildings}},
  institution  = {National Research Council Canada},
  year         = {1987},
  type         = {{Internal Report No. 512}}
}

@TECHREPORT{PNNL:Howard,
  author       = {Adkins, H.E. and Cuta, J.M.},
  title        = {{Components Exposed to a Tunnel Fire Environment}},
  institution  = {{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory}},
  address      = {Richland, Washington},
  type         = {{NUREG/CR-6799}},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2003},
  note         = "{Work performed under contract to the US Nuclear Regulatory Agency, Washington DC.}",
}

@TECHREPORT{Albini:1976,
  author       = {F.A. Albini},
  title        = {{Estimating Wildfire Behavior and Effects}},
  year         = 1976,
  institution  = {Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service},
  type         = {Research Paper},
  number       = {INT-30},
  address      = {Ogden, Utah},
  note         = {\href{https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs\_int/int\_gtr030.pdf}{https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs\_int/int\_gtr030.pdf}}
}

@ARTICLE{Alexander:CJFR2006,
  author       = {M.E. Alexander and M.G. Cruz},
  title        = {{Evaluating a model for predicting active crown fire rate of spread using wildfire observations}},
  journal      = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
  volume       = {36},
  pages        = {3015-3028},
  year         = {2006},
  note         = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X06-174}{http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X06-174}}
}

@ARTICLE{Alibert:JAFM2019,
  author       = {D. Alibert and M. Coutin and  M. Mense and Y. Pizzo and B. Porterie},
  title        = {{Effect of Oxygen on the Burning Behavior of Liquid and Solid Fuels in a Large-Scale Calorimeter}},
  journal      = {Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics},
  volume       = {12},
  pages        = {34-47},
  year         = {2019},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.36884/jafm.12.SI.29932}{https://doi.org/10.36884/jafm.12.SI.29932}}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Alpert,
  author       = {Alpert, R.L.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Ceiling Jet Flows},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@MISC{Alpert:1,
  author       = {Alpert, R.L. and de Ris, J.L.},
  title        = {{Calculation of Radiant Emission from Plumes Due to Large Area Fires}},
  howpublished = {Poster Session of Third International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering},
  year         = {1999},
}

@ARTICLE{Amato:1972,
  author       = {W.S. Amato and C.L. Tien},
  title        = {{Free Convection Heat Transfer from Isothermal Spheres in Water}},
  journal      = {Int.~J. Heat Mass Transfer},
  volume       = {15},
  pages        = {327},
  year         = {1972}
}

@ARTICLE{Ambrosini:2002,
  author       = {W. Ambrosini and N. Forgione and F. Oriolo},
  title        = {{Statistical characteristics of a water film falling down a flat plate at different inclinations and temperatures}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
  volume       = {28},
  pages        = {1521-1540},
  year         = {2002}
}

@ARTICLE{Anca-Couce:2012,
  author       = {A. Anca-Couce and N. Zobel and A. Berger and F. Behrendt},
  title        = {{Smouldering of pine wood: Kinetics and reaction heats}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = 159,
  pages        = {1708-1719},
  year         = 2012
}

@BOOK{Anderson:1,
  author       = {Anderson, D.A. and Tannehill, J.C. and Pletcher, R.H.},
  title        = {Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer},
  publisher    = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation},
  address      = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {1984},
}

@TECHREPORT{Anderson:1983,
  author       = {H.E. Anderson},
  title        = {{Predicting wind-driven wild land fire size and shape}},
  year         = {1983},
  institution  = {Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service},
  type         = {Research Paper},
  number       = {INT-305},
  address      = {Ogden, Utah},
}

@ARTICLE{AndersenJ:1,
  author       = {Andersen, J. and Rasmussen, C.L. and Giselsson, T. and Glarborg, P.},
  title        = {{Global Combustion Mechanisms for Use in CFD Modeling Under Oxy-Fuel Conditions}},
  journal      = {Energy \& Fuels},
  volume       = {23},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {1379--1389},
  year         = {2009},
  publisher    = {ACS Publications}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Andersson:2005,
  author       = {P. Andersson and P. Van Hees},
  title        = {{Performance of Cables Subjected to Elevated Temperatures}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium},
  year         = {2005},
  pages        = {1121-1132},
  publisher    = "International Association of Fire Safety Science",
}

@TECHREPORT{Andrews:2012,
  author       = {P.L. Andrews},
  title        = {{Modeling wind adjustment factor and midflame wind speed for Rothermel's surface fire spread model}},
  year         = {2012},
  institution  = {Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service},
  type         = {General Technical Report},
  number       = {RMRS-GTR-266},
  address      = {Fort Collins, Colorado},
}

@ARTICLE{Armfield:2002,
  author       = {S. Armfield and R. Street},
  title        = {An analysis and comparison of the time accuracy of fractional-step methods for {Navier-Stokes} equations on staggered grids},
  year         = {2001},
  journal      = {Int. J. Num. Meth. Fluids},
  volume       = {38},
  pages        = {255-282},
  note         = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.217}{doi}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Arvidson:ISTSS2010,
  author       = {Arvidson, M.},
  title        = {{Large-Scale Water Spray and Water Mist Fire Suppression System Tests}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security},
  year         = {2010},
  pages        = {283-296}
}

@TECHREPORT{Atreya:2,
  author       = {Atreya, A.},
  title        = {{Pyrolysis, Ignition and Fire Spread on Horizontal Surfaces of Wood}},
  year         = {1983},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  type         = {NBS GCR},
  number       = {83-449},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Atreya:1,
  author       = {Atreya, A. and Agrawal, S.},
  title        = {{Effect of Heat Loss on Diffusion Flames}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {115},
  pages        = {372--382},
  year         = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Audouin:FSJ,
  author       = {L. Audouin and L. Rigollet and H. Pr\'{e}trel and W. LeSaux and M. R\"{o}wekamp},
  title        = {{OECD PRISME project: Fires in confined and ventilated nuclear-type multi-compartments--Overview and main experimental results}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {62},
  year         = {2013},
  pages        = {80-101}
}

@INBOOK{Babrauskas:1,
  author       = {Babrauskas, V.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Heat Release Rates},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@BOOK{Babrauskas:2,
  author       = {Babrauskas, V.},
  title        = {Ignition Handbook},
  publisher    = {Fire Science Publishers},
  edition      = {1st},
  address      = {Issaquah, Washington USA},
  note         = {Co-published by the Society of Fire Protection Engineers},
  year         = {2003},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Back:IAFSS4,
  author       = {Back, G. and Beyler, C. and DiNenno, P. and Tatem, P.},
  title        = {{Wall Incident Heat Flux Distributions Resulting from an Adjacent Fire}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium},
  year         = {1994},
  pages        = {241-252},
  publisher    = "International Association of Fire Safety Science",
}

@TECHREPORT{Back:USCG1999,
  author       = {G. Back and B. Lattimer and C. Beyler and P. DiNenno and R. Hansen},
  title        = {{Full-Scale Testing of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems for Small Machinery Spaces and Spaces with Combustible Boundaries, Volume I}},
  institution  = {U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center},
  month        = {October},
  year         = {1999},
  type         = {Report},
  number       = {CG-D-21-99, I},
  address      = {1082 Shennecossett Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340},
}

@ARTICLE{Baggett:1997,
  author       = {J. S. Baggett},
  title        = {Some modeling requirements for wall models in large eddy simulation},
  year         = {1997},
  journal      = {Stanford Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs},
}

@ARTICLE{Baggett:1998,
  author       = {J. S. Baggett},
  title        = {On the feasibility of merging {LES} with {RANS} for the near-wall region of attached turbulent flows},
  year         = {1998},
  journal      = {Stanford Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs},
}


@ARTICLE{Balaras:2004,
  Author       = {Elias Balaras},
  Journal      = {Computers \& Fluids},
  Number       = {3},
  Pages        = {375 - 404},
  Title        = {Modeling complex boundaries using an external force field on fixed Cartesian grids in large-eddy simulations},
  Volume       = {33},
  Year         = {2004},
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{Bardina:1980,
  author       = {J. Bardina and J. H. Ferziger and W. C. Reynolds},
  title        = {{Improved Subgrid Scale Models for Large Eddy Simulation}},
  booktitle    = {AIAA 13th Fluid \& Plasma Dynamics Conference},
  year         = {1980},
  organization = {American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics},
  address      = {Snowmass, Colorado},
  month        = {July},
  series       = {AIAA-80-1357},
}

@ARTICLE{Battaglia:1,
  author       = {Battaglia, F. and McGrattan, K. and Rehm, R. and Baum, H.},
  title        = {{Simulating Fire Whirls}},
  journal      = {Combustion Theory and Modeling},
  year         = {2000},
  pages        = {123-138},
  volume       = {4},
}

@ARTICLE{Bradshaw:1995,
  author       = {Bradshaw, P. and Huang, G.P.},
  title        = {{The Law of the Wall in Turbulent Flow}},
  journal      = {Proc. R. Soc. London A},
  volume       = {451},
  number       = {1941},
  pages        = {165--188},
  month           = {Oct},
  year         = {1995},
}

@ARTICLE{IFS:1,
  author       = {Baum, H.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of Fires}},
  journal      = {Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2000},
  month        = {Spring},
}

@ARTICLE{Baum:7,
  author       = {Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of Fire}},
  journal      = {Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {6},
  pages        = {36--42},
  month        = {Spring},
  year         = {2000},
}

@ARTICLE{Baum:1,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and Ezekoye, O.A. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation of Fire Phenomenon}},
  journal      = {Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics},
  volume       = {6},
  pages        = {125--139},
  year         = {1994},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Baum:3,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and McCaffrey, B.J.},
  title        = {{Fire Induced Flow Field -- Theory and Experiment}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Second International Symposium},
  year         = {1989},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science},
  pages        = {129--148},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Baum:5,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Simulation of Large Industrial Outdoor Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium},
  year         = {2000},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McGrattan:2,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation of Fire Phenomenon}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {1994},
  organization = {International Association For Fire Safety Science},
  editor       = {Takashi Kashiwagi},
  pages        = {185--194},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Baum:2,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of Smoke Movement in Three Dimensions}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {1996},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications, London},
  pages        = {189--198},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Baum:IAFSS5,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Three Dimensional Simulations of Fire Plume Dynamics}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium},
  year         = {1997},
  pages        = {511-522},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@ARTICLE{Baum:4,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Three Dimensional Simulations of Fire Plume Dynamics}},
  journal      = {Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan},
  year         = {1997},
  volume       = {35},
  number       = {139},
  pages        = {45--52},
}

@ARTICLE{LES:5,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and Mell, W.E.},
  title        = {{A Radiative Transport Model for Large-Eddy Fire Simulations}},
  journal      = {Combustion Theory and Modelling},
  volume       = {2},
  year         = {1998},
  month        = {December},
}

@ARTICLE{Baum:6,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and Mell, W.E.},
  title        = {{A radiative transport model for large-eddy simulations}},
  journal      = {Combustion Theory and Modelling},
  volume       = {2},
  pages        = {405--422},
  year         = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Rehm:SIAM84,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Finite Difference Solutions for Internal Waves in Enclosures}},
  journal      = {SIAM Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing},
  volume       = {5},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {958-977},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {1984},
}

@ARTICLE{Baum:CST84,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Calculations of Three Dimensional Buoyant Plumes in Enclosures}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {40},
  pages        = {55-77},
  year         = {1984},
}

@ARTICLE{Rehm:SIAM83,
  author       = {Baum, H.R. and Rehm, R.G. and Barnett, P.D. and Corley, D.M.},
  title        = {{Finite Difference Calculations of Buoyant Convection in
                  an Enclosure, Part I: The Basic Algorithm}},
  journal      = {SIAM Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing},
  volume       = {4},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {117-135},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {1983},
}

@ARTICLE{Basu:2017,
  author       = {Basu, S. and Lacser, A.},
  title        = {{A Cautionary Note on the Use of Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory in Very High Resolution Large-Eddy Simulations}},
  journal      = {Boudary-Layer Meteorol},
  volume       = {163},
  number       = {},
  pages        = {351-355},
  month        = {},
  year         = {2017},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Beall:1,
  author       = {Beall, K. and Grosshandler, W. and Luck, H.},
  title        = {{Fire Detector Performance Predictions in a Simulated Multi-room Configuration}},
  booktitle    = {12th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection},
  year         = {2001},
 institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
}

@TECHREPORT{Beaulieu:FM,
  author       = {Beaulieu, P.A.},
  title        = {{Parallel Panel Experiments of FRP Composites}},
  year         = {2007},
  month        = {December},
  institution  = {FM Global},
  type         = {Technical Report},
  number       = {0003024286},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts}
}

@ARTICLE{Becker:1978,
  author       = {H. Becker and D. Liang},
  title        = {Visible length of vertical free turbulent diffusion flames},
  year         = {1978},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {32},
  pages        = {115-137},
}

@ARTICLE{Beji:FSJ2023,
  author       = {T. Beji and H. Pr\'{e}trel},
  title        = {{Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Water Spray Interaction with Smoke in a Confined and a Mechanically-Ventilated Enclosure Fire}},
  year         = {2023},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  month        = {April},
  number       = {103801},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103801}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103801}}
}

@ARTICLE{Beji:FSJ2024,
  author       = {T. Beji and B. Lafdal and R. Mehaddi},
  title        = {{Transient heat of liquids in pool fires}},
  year         = {2024},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = 142,
  number       = {104044},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.104044}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.104044}}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Berger:2017,
  author       = {M. Berger},
  title        = {Chapter 1 - Cut Cells: Meshes and Solvers},
  booktitle    = {Handbook of Numerical Methods for Hyperbolic Problems},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  editor       = {R\'{e}mi Abgrall and Chi-Wang Shu},
  series       = {Handbook of Numerical Analysis},
  volume       = {18},
  pages        = {1-22},
  year         = {2017},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Berger:2012,
  author       = {M. Berger and M. Aftosmis},
  title        = {{Progress Towards a Cartesian Cut-Cell Method for Viscous Compressible Flow}},
  booktitle    = {50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition},
  year         = {2012},
  organization = {AIAA},
  address      = {Nashville, TN},
  series       = {AIAA 2012-1301}
}


@ARTICLE{Bertie:AS1993a,
  author       = {Bertie, J.E. and Zhang, S.L. and Eysel, H.H. and Baluja, S. and Ahmed, M.K},
  title        = {{Infrared Intensities of Liquids XI: Infrared Refractive Indices
                   from 8000 to 2 cm$^{-1}$, Absolute Integrated Intensities, and Dipole
                   Moment Derivatives of Methanol at 25~$^\circ$C}},
  journal      = {Applied Spectroscopy},
  volume       = {47},
  pages        = {1100-1115},
  month        = {August},
  year         = {1993},
}

@ARTICLE{Bertie:AS1993b,
  author       = {Bertie, J.E. and Jones, R.N. and Keefe, C.D},
  title        = {{Infrared Intensities of Liquids XII: Accurate Optical Constants
                   and Molar Absorption Coefficients Between 6225 and 500~cm$^{-1}$ of
                   Benzene at 25~$^\circ$C, from Spectra Recorded in Several Laboratories}},
  journal      = {Applied Spectroscopy},
  volume       = {47},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {891-911},
  year         = {1993},
}

@ARTICLE{Bertie:AS1994a,
  author       = {Bertie, J.E. and Jones, R.N. and Apelblat, Y. and Keefe, C.D},
  title        = {{Infrared Intensities of Liquids XIII: Accurate Optical Constants and
                   Molar Absorption Coefficients Between 6500 and 435~cm$^{-1}$ of Toluene at
                   25~$^\circ$C, from Spectra Recorded in Several Laboratories}},
  journal      = {Applied Spectroscopy},
  volume       = {48},
  pages        = {127-143},
  month        = {January},
  year         = {1994},
}

@ARTICLE{Bertie:AS1996,
  author       = {Bertie, J.E. and Lan, Z},
  title        = {{Infrared Intensities of Liquids XX: The Intensity of
                   the OH Stretching Band of Liquid Water Revisited, and
                   the Best Current Values of the Optical Constants of
                   H2O (l) at 25~$^\circ$C between 15,000 and 1~cm$^{-1}$}},
  journal      = {Applied Spectroscopy},
  volume       = {50},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {1047-1057},
  year         = {1996},
}

@ARTICLE{Bertie:JMS2005,
  author       = {Bertie, J.E. and Jones, R.N. and Apelblat, Y. and Keefe, C.D},
  title        = {{Infrared intensities of liquids XXV: Dielectric constants,
                   molar polarizabilities and integrated intensities of liquid
                   toluene at 25~$^\circ$C between 4800 and 400~cm$^{-1}$}},
  journal      = {Journal of Molecular Structure},
  volume       = {750},
  number       = {1-3},
  pages        = {78-93},
  year         = {2005},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Betteridge:2015,
  author       = {S. Betteridge and L. Phillips},
  title        = {{Large scale pressurized LNG BLEVE experiments}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 2015 AIChE Annual Meeting},
  year         = {2015},
  organization = {American Institute of Chemical Engineers},
  address      = {New York},
  series       = {Symposium Series No.~160}
}

@ARTICLE{Beyler:Hood,
  author       = {Belyer, C.},
  title        = {{Major Species Production by Diffusion Flames in a Two-Layer Compartment Fire Environment}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {10},
  pages        = {47--56},
  year         = {1986},
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Beyler,
  author       = {Beyler, C.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Flammability Limits of Premixed and Diffusion Flames},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Beyler:IAFSS1,
  author       = {Beyler, C.L.},
  title        = {{Major Species Production by Solid Fuels in a Two Layer Compartment Fire Environment}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the First International Symposium},
  year         = {1986},
  pages        = {431-440},
  publisher    = "Hemisphere Publishing Company",
}

@INBOOK{Beyler2:SFPE,
  author       = {Beyler, C.L.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Fire Hazard Calculations for Large Open Hydrocarbon Fires}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@TECHREPORT{Beyler2002,
  author = {Beyler, Craig L. and Cappuccio, Joseph A. and Connor, David E. and Dannaway, Samuel S. and Dembsey, Nicholas A. and Dlugogorski, Bogdan Z. and Deubler, John and Fleischmann, Charles M. and Grant, Casey C. and Iqbal, Naeem and Oldwiler, Andrew and Rosenhan, A. Kirk and Schwager, James and Slye, Orville M. Jr. and Sultan, Mohammed A. and Tamim, Amal and Torvi, David and Wood, Christopher B. and Hurley, Morgan J. and Meacham, Brian J.},
  institution = {SFPE},
  title = {{Engineering Guide: Piloted Ignition of Solid Materials Under Radiant Exposure}},
  year = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{Biglari:2013,
  author       = {Biglari, A. and Saad, T. and Sutherland, J.},
  title        = {{An efficient and explicit pressure projection method for reacting flow simulations}},
  booktitle    = {8th US National Combustion Meeting},
  year         = {2013},
}

@INBOOK{Bilger:book:80,
  author       = {Bilger, R.W.},
  title        = {Turbulent Reacting Flows},
  chapter      = {4. Turbulent Flows with Nonpremixed Reactants},
  publisher    = {Springer-Verlag},
  year         = {1980},
}

@ARTICLE{Bilger:AnnRev,
  author       = {Bilger, R.W.},
  title        = {{Turbulent Diffusion Flames}},
  journal      = {Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics},
  year         = {1989},
  volume       = {21},
  pages        = {101--135},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Bilson:2008,
  author       = {Bilson, M. and Purchase, A. and Stacey, C.},
  title        = {{Deluge System Operating Effectiveness in Road Tunnels and Impacts on Operating Policy}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings 13th Australian Tunnelling Conference, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia},
  month        = {May},
  year         = {2008},
  note         = {The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy},
}

@TECHREPORT{FHWA:test_report,
  author       = {M. Bilson and H. Raza and W. Connell},
  title        = {{Fixed Fire Fighting and Emergency Ventilation Systems for Highway Tunnels---Research Report}},
  institution  = {Federal Highway Administration},
  month        = {May},
  year         = {2023},
  type         = {{Report Number: FHWA-HIF-23-022}},
  address      = {Washington, D.C.},
  note         = {\href{https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/tunnel/pubs/hif23022.pdf}{https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/tunnel/pubs/hif23022.pdf}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Biswas:CS2007,
  author       = {Biswas, Y. and Zheng, Y. and Kim, C.H. and Gore, J.P.},
  title        = {{Stochastic time series analysis of pulsating buoyant pool fires}},
  booktitle    = {Thirty First Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2007},
}

@TECHREPORT{Bisetti:2008,
  author       = {F. Bisetti and G. Blanquart and H. Pitsch},
  title        = {Direct numerical simulation of soot formation in turbulent non-premixed flames},
  institution  = {{Stanford Center for Turbulence Research}},
  year         = {2008},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Bittern:Thesis,
  author       = {A. Bittern},
  title        = {{Analysis of FDS Predicted Sprinkler Activation Times with Experiments}},
  year         = {2004},
  address      = {Christchurch, New Zealand},
  school       = {University of Canterbury}
}


@TECHREPORT{NRC:VICTORIA,
  author       = {N.E. Bixler},
  title        = {{VICTORIA 2.0: A Mechanistic Model for Radionuclide Behavior in a Nuclear Reactor Coolant System Under Severe Accident Conditions}},
  institution  = {{Sandia National Laboratories}},
  address      = {Albuquerque, NM},
  type         = {{NUREG/CR-6131}},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {1998},
  note         = "{Work performed under contract to the US Nuclear Regulatory Agency, Washington DC.}",
}

@TECHREPORT{FAA-AR-06-21,
  author       = {D. Blake},
  title        = {{Development of a Standardized Fire Source for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fire Detection Systems}},
  institution  = {Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Research and Development},
  address      = {Washington, DC 20591},
  type         = {Report},
  number       = {DOT/FAA/AR-06/21},
  month        = {May},
  year         = {2006}
}

@ARTICLE{Blanchard:FT2014,
  author       = {E. Blanchard and P. Fromy and P. Carlotti and P. Boulet and S. Desanghere and J.P. Vantelon and J.P. Garo},
  title        = {{Experimental and Numerical Study of the Interaction Between Water Mist and Fire in an Intermediate Test Tunnel}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  year         = {2014},
  volume       = {50},
  pages        = {565-587}
}

@TECHREPORT{Blanchat:2001,
  author       = {T. K. Blanchat},
  title        = {{Characterization of the Air Source and Plume Source at FLAME}},
  institution  = {Sandia National Laboratory},
  year         = {2001},
  address      = {Albuquerque, New Mexico},
  number       = {SAND01-2227},
}

@TECHREPORT{Blanchat:2011,
  author       = {T. Blanchat and P. Helmick and R. Jensen and A. Luketa and R. Deola and J. Suo-Anttila and J. Mercier and T. Miller and  A. Ricks and R. Simpson and B. Demosthenous and S. Tieszen and M. Hightower},
  title        = {{The Phoenix Series Large Scale LNG Pool Fire Experiments}},
  institution  = {Sandia National Laboratory},
  year         = {2011},
  address      = {Albuquerque, New Mexico},
  number       = {SAND2010-8676}
}

@ARTICLE{Boardman:Fuel_2021,
  author       = {C.R. Boardman and M.A. Dietenberger and D.R. Weise},
  title        = {{Specific heat capacity of wildland foliar fuels to 434 $^\circ$C}},
  journal      = {Fuel},
  year         = {2021},
  volume       = {292},
  pages        = {120396},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120396}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120396}}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Bouchair:Thesis,
  author       = {A. Bouchair},
  title        = {{Solar Induced Ventilation in the Algerian and Similar Climates}},
  year         = {1989},
  school       = {University of Leeds},
  address      = {Leeds, West Yorkshire, England}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{Bounagui:1,
  author       = {Bounagui, A. and Benichou, N. and McCartney, C. and Kashef, A.},
  title        = {{Optimizing the Grid Size Used in CFD Simulations to Evaluate Fire Safety in Houses}},
  booktitle    = {3rd NRC Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics, High Performance Computing and Virtual Reality},
  organization = {National Research Council, Canada},
  address      = {Ottawa, Ontario, Canada},
  month        = {December},
  pages        = {1-8},
  year         = {2003},
}

@TECHREPORT{Bounagui:2,
  author       = {Bounagui, A. and Kashef, A. and Benichou, N.},
  title        = {{Simulation of the Dynamics of the Fire for a Section of the L.H.-La Fontaine Tunnel}},
  institution  = {National Research Council Canada},
  address      = {Ottawa, Canada, K1A0R},
  type         = {IRC-RR-},
  number       = {140},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {September},
}

@ARTICLE{Bova:IJWF2015,
  author       = {A.S. Bova and W.E. Mell and C.M. Hoffman},
  title        = {{A comparison of level set and marker methods for the simulation of wildland fire front propagation}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  year         = {2015},
  volume       = {25},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {229-241},
  note         = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF13178}{http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF13178}}
}

@ARTICLE{Box-Muller:1958,
  author       = {Box, G.E.P and Muller, M.E.},
  title        = {{A Note on the Generation of Random Normal Deviates}},
  journal      = {The Annals of Mathematical Statistics},
  volume       = {29},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {610-611},
  year         = {1958},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Brammer:1,
  author       = {Brammer, D.R.},
  title        = {{A Comparison between Predicted and Actual Behaviour of Domestic Smoke Detectors in a Realistic House Fire}},
  year         = {2002},
  address      = {Christchurch, New Zealand},
  school       = {University of Canterbury},
}

@ARTICLE{Braeuer:1,
  author       = {Braeuer, G.},
  title        = {{Large Area Glass Coating}},
  journal      = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
  year         = {1999},
  volume       = {112},
  pages        = {358-365}
}

@ARTICLE{Breuer:2012,
  author       = {M. Breuer and M. Alletto},
  title        = {{Efficient simulation of particle-laden turbulent flows with high mass loadings using LES}},
  journal      = {Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow},
  year         = {2012},
  volume       = {35},
  pages        = {2-12}
}

@ARTICLE{Broeckmann:JLPPI1995,
  author       = {Broeckmann, B. and Schecker, H},
  title        = {Heat transfer mechanisms and boilover in burning oil-water systems},
  year         = {1995},
  journal      = {Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries},
  volume       = {8},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {137-147}
}

@TECHREPORT{Falcon,
  author       = {T.C. Brown and R.T. Cederwall and S.T. Chan and D.L. Ermak and R.P. Koopman and K.C. Lamson and J.W. McClure and L.K. Morris},
  title        = {{Falcon Series Data Report: 1987 LNG Vapor Barrier Verification Field Trials}},
  institution  = {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory},
  year         = {1990},
  month        = {June},
  type         = {Data Report},
  number       = {GRI-89/0138}
}

@ARTICLE{Bryant:FSJ2009,
  author       = {R.A. Bryant},
  title        = {A comparison of gas velocity measurements in a full-scale enclosure fire},
  year         = {2009},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {44},
  pages        = {793-800}
}

@ARTICLE{Bryant:EF2009,
  author       = {R.A. Bryant},
  title        = {The application of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry to measure the flow of air into an enclosure containing fire},
  year         = {2009},
  journal      = {Experiments in Fluids},
  volume       = {47},
  pages        = {295-308}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Bryant:CS2010,
  author       = {R.A. Bryant},
  title        = {{Evaluating practical measurements of fire-induced vent flows with stereoscopic PIV}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
  year         = {2010},
  publisher    = {Elsevier}
}

@TECHREPORT{Bryant:NISTSP1007,
  author       = {R.A. Bryant and T.J. Ohlemiller and E.L. Johnson and A. Hamins and B.S. Grove and W.F. Guthrie and A. Maranghides and G.W. Mulholland},
  title        = {{The NIST 3 Megawatt Quantitative Heat Release Rate Facility}},
  type         = {NIST Special Publication},
  number       = {1007},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, MD},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {2003}
}

@TECHREPORT{Bryner:1,
  author       = {Bryner, N. and Johnsson, E. and Pitts, W.},
  title        = {{Carbon Monoxide Production in Compartment Fires - Reduced-Scale Test Facility}},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {5568},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, MD},
  year         = {1994},
}

@TECHREPORT{Bryner:Charleston,
  author       = {N. Bryner and S.P. Fuss and B.W. Klein and A.D. Putorti},
  title        = {{Technical Study of the Sofa Super Store Fire, South Carolina, June 18, 2007}},
  type         = {NIST Special Publication},
  number       = {1118},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, MD},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2011}
}

@TECHREPORT{BST_FRS:1994,
  author       = {B.R. Kirby and D.E. Wainman and L.N. Tomlinson and T.R. Kay and B.N. Peacock},
  title        = {{Natural Fires in Large Scale Compartments---A British Steel Technical, Fire Research Station Collaborative Project}},
  institution  = {British Steel Technical, Swinden Laboratories},
  address      = {Moorgate, Rotherham S60 3AR, England, UK},
  month        = {June},
  year         = {1994}
}

@TECHREPORT{Burdette:1,
  author       = {Burdette, J.},
  title        = {Fire Response of Loaded Composite Structures - Experiments and Modeling},
  institution  = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University},
  year         = {1888},
  address      = {Blacksburg, Virginia},
}

@TECHREPORT{Bukowski:1,
  author       = {Bukowski, R.W. and Peacock, R.D. and Averill, J.D. and Cleary, T.G. and Bryner, N.P. and Walton, W.D. and Reneke, P.A. and Kuligowski, E.D.},
  title        = {{Performance of Home Smoke Alarms Analysis of the Response of Several Available Technologies in Residential Fire Settings}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2008},
  month        = {February},
  type         = {{NIST Technical Note 1455-1}},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Bukowski:2,
  author       = {R.W. Bukowski and J.D. Averill},
  title        = {{Methods for Predicting Smoke Detector Activation}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fire Suppression and Detection Research Application Symposium, Orlando, Florida},
  year         = {1998},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@TECHREPORT{Bundy:1,
  author       = {M. Bundy and A. Hamins and E.L. Johnsson and S.C. Kim and G.H. Ko and D.B. Lenhert},
  title        = {{Measurements of Heat and Combustion Products in Reduced-Scale Ventilation-Limited Compartment Fires}},
  year         = {2007},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {1483},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{Gott:1,
  author       = {J.E. Gott and D.L. Lowe and K.A. Notarianni and W.D. Davis},
  title        = {{Analysis of High Bay Hangar Facilities for Fire Detector Sensitivity and Placement}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {1997},
  month        = {February},
  type         = {{NIST Technical Note 1423}},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Buch:1,
  title={Radiative emission fraction of pool fires burning silicone fluids},
  author={Buch, R. and Hamins, A. and Konishi, K. and Mattingly, D. and Kashiwagi, T.},
  journal={Combustion and flame},
  volume={108},
  number={1-2},
  pages={118--126},
  year={1997},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@TECHREPORT{Busby:1,
  author       = {Busby, A.L. and Pigman, G.L.},
  title        = {{Roof Ventilation Requirements for Industrial Plants}},
  institution  = {Armour Research Foundation (now IIT Research), Chicago},
  year         = {1955},
  note         = "Final Report Project Number L-565",
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Bytskov:Thesis,
  author       = {G. Bytskov},
  title        = {{Numerical simulation of fire performance and test conditions for façade insulation materials}},
  year         = {2015},
  address      = {Finland},
  school       = {Aalto University}
}

@ARTICLE{Cabot:1995,
  author       = {W. Cabot},
  title        = {Large-eddy simulations with wall models},
  year         = {1995},
  journal      = {Stanford Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Camp:Interflam2001,
  author       = {P. Camp and N. Townsend},
  title        = {{Computer Modelling vs Reality -- Can We Predict the Behaviour of Fires?}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications, London},
  pages        = {195-202},
}

@TECHREPORT{NRCC:1,
  author       = {National Research Council Canada},
  title        = {{Modelling used to study smoke movement in large and complex spaces}},
  institution  = {Institute for Research in Construction},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {June},
  volume       = {8},
  number       = {2},
}

@PROCEEDINGS{Carpenter:SFPE2001,
  editor       = {Carpenter, D.J. and Wood, C.B.},
  title        = {Proceedings of the 3rd Technical Symposium on Computer Applications in Fire Protection Engineering},
  year         = {2001},
  month        = {September},
  organization = {Society for Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{NIST_NCSTAR_1-6A,
  author       = {Carino, N. and Starnes, M. and Gross, J. and Yang, J. and Kukuck, S. and Prasad, K. and Bukowski, R.},
  title        = {{Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the
                  World Trade Center Disaster: Passive Fire Protection}},
  year         = {2005},
  month        = {September},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  type         = {NIST NCSTAR},
  number       = {1-6A},
}


@MISC{cerfacs_test,
  author       = {J.-C. Jouhaud},
  title        = {Benchmark on the vortex preservation},
  institution  = {CERFACS},
  howpublished = {\\http://elearning.cerfacs.fr/pdfs/numerical/TestCaseVortex2D.pdf},
  year         = {2010},
}

@ARTICLE{Cetegen:1984,
  author       = {B.M. Cetegen and E.E. Zukoski and T. Kubota},
  title        = {Entrainment in the near and far field of fire plumes},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = {1984},
  volume       = {39},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {305-331},
}

@ARTICLE{Zukoski:1981,
  author       = {E.E. Zukoski and T. Kubota and B.M. Cetegen},
  title        = {Entrainment in fire plumes},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1981},
  volume       = {3},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {107--121},
}

@BOOK{Carslaw:1,
  author       = {Carslaw, H.S. and Jaegar, J.C.},
  title        = {Conduction of Heat in Solids},
  edition      = {2nd},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  year         = {1959},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Casara:1,
  author       = {L. Casara and T. Arts},
  title        = {{Aerodynamic Performance of a Rib Roughened Cooling Channel Flow with High Blockage Ratio}},
  booktitle    = {Eleventh International Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics},
  year         = {2002},
  address      = {Lisbon, Portugal},
}

@ARTICLE{Casara:2,
  author       = {L. Casara and T. Arts},
  title        = {{Experimental Investigation of the Aerothermal Performance of a High Blockage Rib-Roughened Cooling Channel}},
  journal      = {Journal of Turbomachinary},
  year         = 2005,
  volume       = 127,
  pages        = {580-588}
}

@ARTICLE{Catchpole:CST1998,
  author       = {W.R. Catchpole and E.A. Catchpole and B.W. Butler and R.C. Rothermel and G.A. Morris and D.J. Latham},
  title        = {{Rate of Spread of Free-Burning Fires in Woody Fuels in a Wind Tunnel}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = 1998,
  volume       = 131,
  pages        = {1-37}
}

@ARTICLE{Chan:1,
  author       = {Chan, T.S.},
  title        = {{Measurements of Water Density and Droplet Size Distributions
                  of Selected {ESFR} Sprinklers}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {6},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {79-87},
  year         = {1994},
}

@ARTICLE{ChangJWE2003,
  author       = {Chang, C.H. and Meroney, R.N.},
  title        = {Concentration and flow distributions in urban street canyons: wind tunnel and computational data},
  journal      = {Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics},
  volume       = {91},
  year         = {2003},
  pages        = {1141-1154},
}

@BOOK{Chapman:OpenMP,
  author       = {B. Chapman and G. Jost and R. van der Pas},
  title        = {Using OpenMP -- Portable Shared Memory Parallel Programming},
  publisher    = {MIT Press},
  address      = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year         = {2007}
}

@ARTICLE{Chaudhari:2021,
  author       = {D.M. Chaudhari and G.J. Fiola and S.I. Stoliarov},
  title        = {Experimental analysis and modeling of Buoyancy-driven flame spread on cast poly(methyl methacrylate) in corner configuration},
  journal      = {Polymer Degradation and Stability},
  volume       = {183},
  year         = {2021},
  number       = {109433}
}

@article{Chaudhari:FT2023,
author         = {D.M. Chaudhari and C. Weinschenk and J.E. Floyd},
note           = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01390-y}{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01390-y}},
journal        = {Fire Technology},
title          = {{Experiments in a Residential Structure with HVAC System}},
year           = {2023}
}


@TECHREPORT{Nowlen:NUREG4527,
  author       = {Chavez, J.M. and Nowlen, S.P.},
  title        = {{An Experimental Investigation of Internally Ignited Fires in Nuclear Power Plant Control Cabinets, Part II: Room Effects Tests}},
  institution  = {{Sandia National Laboratory}},
  address      = {Albuqueque, New Mexico},
  type         = {{NUREG/CR-4527 (SAND86-0336)}},
  month        = {November},
  year         = {1988},
  note         = "{Work performed under contract to the US Nuclear Regulatory Agency, Washington DC.}",
}

@ARTICLE{Chen:1,
  author       = {Z. Chen and J. Wen and B. Xu and S. Dembele},
  title        = {{Extension of the eddy dissipation concept and smoke point soot model to the LES frame for fire simulations}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  month        = {February},
  year         = {2014},
  volume       = 64,
  pages        = {12-26}
}

@ARTICLE{Cheney:IJWF1993,
  author       = {N.P. Cheney and J.S. Gould and W.R. Catchpole},
  title        = {{The Influence of Fuel, Weather and Fire Shape Variables on Fire-Spread in Grasslands}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  number       = 1,
  year         = 1993,
  volume       = 3,
  pages        = {31-44}
}

@ARTICLE{Cheney:IJWF1998,
  author       = {N.P. Cheney and J.S. Gould and W.R. Catchpole},
  title        = {{Prediction of Fire-Spread in Grasslands}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  number       = 1,
  year         = 1993,
  volume       = 8,
  pages        = {1-13}
}

@BOOK{Cheremisinoff:1,
  author       = {Cheremisinoff, N.},
  title        = {Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 3: Gas-Liquid Flows},
  publisher    = {Gulf Publishing Company},
  address      = {Houston, Texas},
  year         = {1986},
}

@TECHREPORT{Childs,
  author       = {Childs, K.W.},
  title        = {{HEATING 7: Multidimensional, Finite-Difference Heat Conduction Analysis Code System}},
  type         = {Technical Report},
  number       = {PSR-199},
  institution  = {Oak Ridge National Laboratory},
  address      = {Oak Ridge, TN},
  year         = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Chow:1,
  author       = {Chow, W.K. and Yin, R.},
  title        = {{Discussion on Two Plume Formulae with Computational Fluid Dynamics}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Sciences},
  volume       = {20},
  pages        = {179-201},
  year         = {2002},
  month        = {May},
}

@ARTICLE{Christensen:JFS,
  author       = {Christensen, A.M. and Icove, D.J.},
  title        = {{The Application of NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator to the
                  Investigation of Carbon Monoxide Exposure in the Deaths of Three
                  Pittsburgh Fire Fighters}},
  journal      = {Journal of Forensic Sciences},
  year         = {2004},
  volume       = {49},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {104-107}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{LES:6,
  author       = {Cleary, T. and Anderson, M. and Averill, J. and Grosshandler, W.},
  title        = {{Evaluating Multi-Sensor Fire Detectors in the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {1999},
  month        = {June},
  pages        = {453-464},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cleary:IAFSS6,
  author       = {Cleary, T. and Chernovsky, A. and Grosshandler, W. and Anderson, M.},
  title        = {{Particulate Entry Lag in Spot-Type Smoke Detectors}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium},
  year         = {1999},
  pages        = {779-790},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Cleary:1,
  author       = {Cleary, T. and Donnelly, M. and Mulholland, G. and Farouk, B.},
  title        = {{Fire Detector Performance Predictions in a Simulated Multi-Room Configuration}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection (AUBE '01)},
  year         = {2001},
  month        = {March},
  note         = {NIST SP 965},
  publisher    = {National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Clement:2,
  author       = {Clement, J.M.},
  title        = {{Experimental Verification of the Fire Dynamics Simulator Hydrodynamic Model}},
  institution  = {University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand},
  year         = {2000},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Clement:1,
  author       = {Clement, J.M. and Fleischmann, C.M.},
  title        = {{Experimental Verification of the Fire Dynamics Simulator Hydrodynamic Model}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {839-862},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@MISC{Coblentz:1,
  author       = {P.J. Linstrom and W.G. Mallard},
  title        = {{Evaluated Infrared Reference Spectra}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  howpublished = {WebBook},
  note         = {{NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69}}
}


@ARTICLE{Cochard:1,
  author       = {Cochard, S.},
  title        = {{Validation of Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 2.0) Freeware}},
  journal      = {Tunnel Management International Journal},
  month        = {December},
  volume       = {6},
  number       = {4},
  year         = {2003},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Cohan:Masters,
  author       = {Cohan, B.D.},
  title        = {{Verification And Validation Of A Candidate Soot Deposition Model In Fire Dynamics Simulator Version 5.5.1}},
  year         = {2010},
  school       = {University of Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Colella:2010,
  author       = {F. Colella and G. Rein and J. Torero and R. Borchiellini},
  title        = {A novel multiscale methodology for simulating tunnel ventilation flows during fires},
  year         = {2010},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10694-010-0144-2}
}

@ARTICLE{Colella:2011,
  author       = {F. Colella and G. Rein and V. Verda and R. Borchiellini},
  title        = {Multiscale modeling of transient flows from fire and ventilation in long tunnels},
  year         = {2011},
  journal      = {Computers and Fluids},
  volume       = {51},
  pages        = {16-29},
}

@ARTICLE{Cox:1985,
  author       = {G. Cox and R. Chitty},
  title        = {Some source-dependent effects of unbounded fires},
  year         = {1985},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {60},
  pages        = {219-232},
}

@ARTICLE{CBC,
  author       = {G. Comte-{B}ellot and S. Corrsin},
  title        = {Simple {Eulerian} time correlation of full- and narrow-band velocity signals in grid-generated, `isotropic' turbulence},
  journal      = {J. Fluid Mech.},
  volume       = {48},
  pages        = {273-337},
  year         = {1971},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Continillo:1,
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  title        = {{Accuracy and Stability Analysis of Time-Integrated Schemes for
                  Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations}},
  booktitle    = {Seventh International Conference on Numerical Combustion},
  year         = {1998},
  pages        = {99},
}

@TECHREPORT{Cooper:1,
  author       = {Cooper, L.Y.},
  title        = {{Simulating the Opening of Thermally-Actuated Fire Vents}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  month        = {September},
  year         = {1998},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6227},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Coppalle:1,
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  title        = {{Fire Protection: Water Curtains}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1993},
  volume       = {20},
  pages        = {241-255},
}

@ARTICLE{Cox:1,
  author       = {Cox, G. and Chitty, R.},
  title        = {{Some Source-Dependent Effects on Unbounded Fires}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {60},
  pages        = {219-232},
  year         = {1985},
}

@BOOK{Crank:1,
  author       = {J. Crank},
  title        = {{The Mathematics of Diffusion}},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  address      = {Oxford},
  edition      = {2nd},
  year         = {1975},
}

@TECHREPORT{Croce:GRI,
  author       = {P.A. Croce and K.S. Mudan and J. Moorhouse},
  title        = {{Thermal Radiation from LNG Trench Fires}},
  institution  = {Gas Research Institute (GRI)},
  year         = {1984},
  month        = {September},
  type         = {Technical Report},
  number       = {88682}
}

@BOOK{Crowe:1,
  author       = {C. Crowe and M. Sommerfeld and Y. Tsuji},
  title        = {{Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles}},
  publisher    = {CRC Press},
  address      = {Boca Raton, Florida},
  year         = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Curl:1,
  author       = {R.L. Curl},
  title        = {{Disperse phase mixing: I. theory and effects in simple reactors}},
  journal      = {AIChE Journal},
  volume       = {9},
  pages        = {175},
  year         = {1963},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{DSouza:1,
  author       = {D'Souza, V. and Sutula, J.A. and Olenick, S.M. and Zhang, W. and Roby, R.J.},
  title        = {{Use of Fire Dynamics Simulator to Predict Smoke Detector Activation}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 2001 Fall Technical Meeting, Eastern States Section},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  pages        = {175-178},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {2001},
}

@TECHREPORT{INERIS,
  author       = {Dagba, Y. and Perette, L. and Venetsanos, A.G.},
  title        = {{Description of INERIS-test-6 experiment and requirements for corresponding blind SBEP in the framework of the InsHyde internal project}},
  institution  = {Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)},
  year         = {2005},
  month        = {October},
  note         = "HYSAFE Report",
}

@ARTICLE{Dahale:2013,
  author       = {A. Dahale and S. Ferguson and B. Shotorban and S. Mahalingam},
  title        = {{Effects of distribution of bulk density and moisture content on shrub fires}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  volume       = {22},
  number       = 5,
  pages        = {625-641},
  year         = {2013}
}

@TECHREPORT{Davis:1,
  author       = {Davis, W. and Notarianni, K and McGrattan, K.},
  title        = {{Comparison of Fire Model Predictions with Experiments Conducted in a Hangar with a 15 Meter Ceiling}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {1996},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {5927},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Dawson:1994,
  title={Explicit/implicit, conservative domain decomposition procedures for parabolic problems based on block-centered finite differences},
  author={Dawson, Clint N and Dupont, Todd F},
  journal={SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis},
  volume={31},
  number={4},
  pages={1045--1061},
  year={1994},
  publisher={Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}
}

@TECHREPORT{Dean:1,
  author       = {Dean, R.K.},
  title        = {{Stored Plastics Test Program}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  year         = {1975},
  month        = {June},
  number       = {FMRC J.I. 202069},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
}

@ARTICLE{Deardorff:1,
  author       = {Deardorff, J.W.},
  title        = {{Numerical Investigation of Neutral and Unstable
                  Planetary Boundary Layers}},
  journal      = {Journal of Atmospheric Sciences},
  volume       = {29},
  pages        = {91--115},
  year         = {1972},
}

@ARTICLE{Deardorff:1980,
  author       = {Deardorff, J.W.},
  title        = {{Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model}},
  journal      = {Boundary-Layer Meteorol.},
  volume       = {18},
  pages        = {495--527},
  year         = {1980},
}

@ARTICLE{Delichatsios:1984,
  author       = {M.A. Delichatsios},
  title        = {Flame heights in turbulent wall fires with significant flame radiation},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = {1984},
  volume       = {39},
  pages        = {195-214},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{deRis:IAFSS,
  author       = {J.L. de Ris and G.H. Markstein and L. Orloff and P.A. Beaulieu},
  title        = {{Similarity of Turbulent Wall Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science},
  pages        = {259-270}
}

@ARTICLE{DesJardin:2004,
  author       = {P. E. DesJardin and T. J. O'Hern and S. R. Tieszen},
  title        = {Large eddy simulation and experimental measurements of the near-field of a large turbulent helium plume},
  year         = {2004},
  journal      = {Physics of Fluids},
  volume       = {16},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {1866-1883}
}

@ARTICLE{DiBlasi:1993,
  author       = {Di Blasi, C.},
  title        = {{Modeling and Simulation of Combustion Processes of Charring
                  and Non-Charring Solid Fuels}},
  journal      = {Progress in Energy and Combustion Science},
  year         = {1993},
  volume       = {19},
  pages        = {71-104},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{DiGiovanni:1,
  author       = {DiGiovanni, S.J.},
  title        = {{An Investigation of the Effect of Water Spray Suppression on
                  the Heat Release Rate of the FMRC Standard Plastic Warehouse Commodity}},
  year         = {1998},
  school       = {University of Maryland},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Diller:2015,
  address      = {Hoboken, New Jersey},
  author       = {Diller, T. E.},
  booktitle    = {Mechanical Engineers' Handbook Volume 4 - Energy and Power},
  chapter      = {7},
  edition      = {Fourth},
  editor       = {Kutz, Myer},
  pages        = {1--27},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Heat Flux Measurement}},
  year         = {2015}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Dillon:1,
  author       = {Dillon, S. and Hamins, A.},
  title        = {{Ignition Propensity and Heat Flux Profiles of Candle Flames for Fire Investigation}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Science Applications to Fire Investigations},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications},
  address      = {London},
  editor       = {Vytenis Babrauskas},
  pages        = {363-376},
  year         = {2003},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Dimyadi:IAFSS9,
  author       = {J. Dimyadi and M. Spearpoint and R. Amor},
  title        = {{Sharing Building Information using the IFC Data Model for FDS Fire Simulation}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium},
  year         = {2008},
  month        = {September},
  note         = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  pages        = {1329-1340}
}

@BOOK{SFPE,
  editor       = {M.J. Hurley},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE2016:appendix3,
  author = {SFPE},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Appendix 3: Fuel Properties and Combustion Data}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@ARTICLE{Dombrovsky:1,
  author       = {Dombrovsky, L.A. and Sazhin, S.S. and Mikhalovsky, S.V. and Wood, R. and Heikal, M.R.},
  title        = {{Spectral properties of diesel fuel droplets}},
  journal      = {Fuel},
  volume       = {82},
  pages        = {15--22},
  year         = {2003}
}

@ARTICLE{Dopazo:1974,
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  title        = {{Approach to autoignition of turbulent mixture}},
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  volume       = {1},
  pages        = {1239-1266},
  year         = {1974}
}

@ARTICLE{Drean2018,
  author    = {V. Drean and R. Schillinger and H. Leborgne and G. Auguin and E. Guillaume},
  title     = {{Numerical Simulation of Fire Exposed Fa{\c{c}}ades Using LEPIR II Testing Facility}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2018},
  note          = {\href{https:doi.org/10.1007/s10694-018-0718-y}{https:doi.org/10.1007/s10694-018-0718-y}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Dreisbach:Interflam,
  author       = {J. Dreisbach and S. Nowlen and K. McGrattan and S. Hostikka},
  title        = {{Electrical Cable Failure -- Experiments and Simulation}},
  booktitle    = {Interflam 2010: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Symposium},
  year         = {2010},
  pages        = {1857-1866},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications, London}
}

@BOOK{Drysdale:1,
  author       = {Drysdale, D.},
  title        = {An Introduction to Fire Dynamics},
  publisher    = {John Wiley and Sons},
  address      = {New York},
  edition      = {2nd},
  year         = {2002},
}

@BOOK{Drysdale:2011,
  author       = {D. Drysdale},
  title        = {An Introduction to Fire Dynamics},
  publisher    = {John Wiley and Sons},
  address      = {Chichester, United Kingdom},
  edition      = {3rd},
  year         = {2011},
}

@ARTICLE{Dyer:1974,
  author       = {A.J. Dyer},
  title        = {{A review of flux profile relationships}},
  journal      = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology},
  volume       = {7},
  pages        = {363-372},
  year         = {1974}
}

@ARTICLE{E:CMS2003,
  author       = {E, Weinan and Liu, Jian-Guo},
  title        = {{Gauge Method for Viscous Incompressible Flows}},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Sciences},
  volume       = {1},
  number       = {2},
  year         = {2003},
  pages        = {317--332}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Edwards:SME2005,
  author       = {Edwards, J.C. and Franks, R.A. and Friel, G.F. and Yuan, L.},
  title        = {{Experimental and Modeling Investigation of the Effect of Ventilation on Smoke Rollback in a Mine Entry}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the SME Annual Meeting},
  year         = {2005},
  pages        = {1-6},
  publisher    = "Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Edwards:SME2006,
  author       = {Edwards, J.C. and Hwang, C.C.},
  title        = {{CFD Modeling of Fire Spread Along Combustibles in a Mine Entry}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the SME Annual Meeting},
  year         = {2006},
  pages        = {1-5},
  publisher    = "Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration",
}

@TECHREPORT{Emmerich:2,
  author       = {Emmerich, S.J.},
  title        = {{Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Indoor Air Quality Issues}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {5997},
  year         = {1997},
  month        = {April},
}

@ARTICLE{Emmerich:1,
  author       = {Emmerich, S.J. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Application of a Large Eddy Simulation Model to Study Room Airflow}},
  journal      = {ASHRAE Transactions},
  volume       = {104},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {1--9},
  year         = {1998},
}

@TECHREPORT{MELCOR,
  author       = {R. Gaunt {\em et al.}},
  title        = {{MELCOR Computer Code Manuals: Reference Manuals Version 1.8.5, Volume 2, Rev. 2}},
  institution  = {US Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{NUREG/CR-6119}},
  year         = {2000},
}

@MISC{SBI,
  title        = {{EN-13823, Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products---Building Products Excluding Floorings Exposed to the Thermal Attack by a Single Burning Item}},
  year         = {2004}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Evans,
  author       = {Evans, D.D.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Ceiling Jet Flows},
  publisher    = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1995},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@TECHREPORT{Evans:1,
  author       = {Evans, D.D. and Madrzykowski, D.},
  title        = {{Characterizing the Thermal Response of Fusible-Link Sprinklers}},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  year         = {1981},
  month        = {August},
  number       = {81-2329},
  type         = {NBSIR},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Evans:4,
  author       = {Evans, D.D. and Madrzykowski, D. and Haynes, G.A.},
  title        = {{Flame Heights and Heat Release Rates of 1991 Kuwait Oil Field Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {1994},
  organization = {International Association For Fire Safety Science},
  editor       = {Takashi Kashiwagi},
  pages        = {1279--1289},
}

@ARTICLE{Evans:2,
  author       = {Evans, D.D. and Mulholland, G.W. and Baum, H.R. and
                  Walton, W.D. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{In Situ Burning of Oil Spills}},
  journal      = {Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and
                  Technology},
  volume       = {106},
  number       = {1},
  month        = {January--February},
  pages        = {231--278},
  year         = {2001},
}

@ARTICLE{Evans:3,
  author       = {Evans, D.D. and Pfenning, D.B.},
  title        = {{Water Sprays Suppress Gas-Well Blowout Fire}},
  journal      = {Oil and Gas Journal},
  volume       = {83},
  number       = {17},
  pages        = {80--86},
  year         = {1985},
}

@ARTICLE{Fadlun:2000,
  author       = {E.A. Fadlun and R. Verzicco and P. Orlandi and J. Mohd-Yusof},
  title        = {{Combined Immersed-Boundary Finite-Difference Methods for Three-Dimensional Complex Flow Simulations}},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume       = {161},
  pages        = {35-60},
  year         = {2000}
}

@BOOK{Faghri,
  author       = {Faghri,A. and Zhang, Y.},
  title        = {Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems},
  publisher    = {Academic Press},
  address      = {Cambridge, MA},
  edition      = {1st},
  year         = {2006}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Falkenstein-Smith:IF2019,
  author       = {R. Falkenstein-Smith and K. Sung and J. Chen and A. Hamins},
  title        = {{The Chemical Structure of Medium-Scale Pool Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Interflam 2019: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference and Exhibition on Fire Safety Science and Engineering},
  year         = {2019},
  organization = {Interscience Communications Ltd.},
  address      = {Hampshire, UK}
}

@TECHREPORT{Falkenstein-Smith:2018,
  author       = {R. Falkenstein-Smith and K. McGrattan and B. Toman and M. Fernandez},
  title        = {{Measurement of the Flow Resistance of Vegetation}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2019},
  month        = {March},
  type         = {{NIST Technical Note}},
  number       = {2039},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2039}{https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2039}}
}

@TECHREPORT{Falkenstein-Smith:2019,
  author       = {R. Falkenstein-Smith and K. Sung and J. Chen and K. Harris and A. Hamins},
  title        = {{The Structure of Medium-Scale Pool Fires}},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {2082},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  month        = {February},
  year         = {2020},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2082}{https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2082}}
}

@TECHREPORT{Farouki:1981,
  author       = {O.T. Farouki},
  title        = {{Thermal properties of soils}},
  institution  = {U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory},
  month        = {December},
  year         = 1981,
  type         = {CRREL Monograph},
  number       = {81-1},
  address      = {Hanover, New Hampshire}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Fernandez:2018,
  author       = {Sebastian Ferreyro Fernandez},
  title        = {ADVANCED SOOT AND RADIATION MODELS FOR LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLAMES},
  year         = {2018},
  school       = {The Pennsylvania State University}
}

@BOOK{Ferziger:1,
  author       = {Ferziger, J.H. and Peri\'{c}, M.},
  title        = {Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics},
  publisher    = {Springer-Verlag},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Berlin},
  year         = {1999},
}

@TECHREPORT{Finney:FARSITE,
  author       = {M.A. Finney},
  title        = {{Fire Area Simulator – Model, Development and Evaluation}},
  institution  = {United States Forest Service},
  year         = {2004},
  month        = {February},
  type         = {Research Paper},
  number       = {RMRS-RP-4 Revised},
  address      = {Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana},
  note         = {\href{http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs\_rp004.pdf}{http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs\_rp004.pdf}}
}

@ARTICLE{Fiola:FSJ2021,
  author       = {G.J. Fiola and D.M. Chaudhari and S.I. Stoliarov},
  title        = {{Comparison of Pyrolysis Properties of Extruded and Cast Poly (methyl methacrylate)}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {120},
  number       = {103083},
  year         = {2021},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103083}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103083}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Fleischmann:1,
  author       = {Fleischmann, C.M. and Chen, F.F.},
  title        = {{Radiant Ignition of Upholstered Furniture}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineered Fire Protection Design},
  year         = {2001},
  note         = {Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, Maryland},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Fleury:Masters,
  author       = {Fleury, R.},
  title        = {{Evaluation of Thermal Radiation Models for Fire Spread Between Objects}},
  year         = {2010},
  address      = {Christchurch, New Zealand},
  school       = {University of Canterbury}
}

@TECHREPORT{Floyd:5,
  author       = {Floyd, J.},
  title        = {{Comparison of CFAST and FDS for Fire Simulation with the HDR T51 and T52 Tests}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2002},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6866},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Floyd:FSJ2009,
  author       = {J. Floyd and K. McGrattan},
  title        = {{Extending the mixture fraction concept to address under-ventilated fires}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {44},
  pages        = {291-300},
  year         = {2009}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Floyd:Interflam2010,
  author       = {Floyd, J. and McDermott, R.},
  title        = {{Modeling Soot Deposition Using Large Eddy Simulation with a Mixture Fraction Based Framework}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {2010},
  publisher    = "Interscience Communications, London",
}

@MISC{FPL:Fire_Database,
  Author = {US Forest Service - Forest Products Laboratory},
  howpublished = {\url{https://www.fpl.fs.usda.gov/products/products/cone/by_materials.php}},
  Title = {{Cone Calorimeter Datasets}},
  Type = {Online Multimedia},
  Year = {2008}}

@TECHREPORT{FSSIM,
  author       = {J. Floyd and S. Hunt and F. Williams and P. Tatem},
  title        = {{Fire and Smoke Simulator (FSSIM) Version 1: Theory Manual}},
  institution  = {U.S. Naval Research Laboratory},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{NRL/MR/6180-04-8765}},
  year         = {2004}
}

@ARTICLE{Confined_JFPE,
  author       = {J. Floyd and S. Hunt and F. Williams and P. Tatem},
  title        = {{A Network Fire Model for the Simulation of Fire Growth and Smoke Spread in Multiple Compartments with Complex Ventilation}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {15},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {199-229},
  year         = {2005}
}

@TECHREPORT{Confined_DTIC,
  author       = {J. Hoover and P. Tatem and F. Williams},
  title        = {{Meta-Analysis of Data from the Submarine Ventilation Doctrine Test Program}},
  institution  = {U.S. Naval Research Laboratory},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{NRL/MR/6180-98-8168}},
  year         = {1998}
}

@ARTICLE{Floyd:6,
  author       = {Floyd, J.E. and McGrattan, K.B. and Hostikka, S. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{CFD Fire Simulation Using Mixture Fraction Combustion and Finite Volume Radiative Heat Transfer}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {February},
  pages        = {11-26},
  volume       = {13},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Floyd:1,
  author       = {Floyd, J.E. and Wieczorek, C. and Vandsburger, U.},
  title        = {{Simulations of the Virginia Tech Fire Research Laboratory
                  Using Large Eddy Simulation with Mixture Fraction Chemistry and Finite
                  Volume Radiative Heat Transfer}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = "Interscience Communications, London",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Floyd:2,
  author       = {Floyd, J.E. and Wieczorek, C. and Vandsburger, U.},
  title        = {{Post-Test Computations of the Virginia Tech Propane Fire Compartment Study Using FDS v2}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@TECHREPORT{Foote:LLNL1986,
  author       = {K.L. Foote},
  title        = {{1986 LLNL Enclosure Fire Tests Data Report}},
  institution  = {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory},
  number       = {UCID-21236},
  month        = {August},
  year         = 1987
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Foote:IAFSS1,
  author       = {K.L. Foote and P.J. Pagni and N.J. Alvares},
  title        = {{Temperature Correlations for Forced-Ventilation Compartment Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the First International Symposium},
  year         = {1986},
  pages        = {139-148},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science}
}

@ARTICLE{Forney:1,
  author       = {Forney, G.P. and Moss, W.F.},
  title        = {{Analyzing and Exploiting Numerical Characteristics of Zone
                  Fire Models}},
  journal      = {Fire Science and Technology},
  year         = {1994},
  volume       = {14},
  pages        = {49-60},
}

@TECHREPORT{Forsberg:1,
  author       = {Forsberg, P.},
  title        = {Technical Inspection and Safety Division - Fire Prevention Section},
  institution  = {European Organization for Nuclear Research},
  year         = unknown,
}

@BOOK{fox2003,
  author       = {Fox, R.O.},
  title        = {{Computational Models for Turbulent Reacting Flows}},
  year         = {2003},
  publisher    = {Cambridge Univ Pr},
}

@ARTICLE{Fraga:2020,
  author       = {L.G. Fraga and J. Silva and S. Teixeira and D. Soares and M. Ferreira and J. Teixeira},
  title        = {{Thermal Conversion of Pine Wood and Kinetic Analysis under Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Environments at Low Heating Rate}},
  journal      = {Proceedings},
  year         = {2020},
  volume       = {58},
  number       = {23},
  note         = {\href{https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/58/1/23}{https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/58/1/23}}
}

@ARTICLE{Frankman:CST2010,
  author       = {D. Frankman and B.W. Webb and B.W. Butler and D.J. Latham},
  title        = {{Fine Fuel Heating by Radiant Flux}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = {2010},
  volume       = {182},
  pages        = {215-230}
}

@TECHREPORT{Friday:1,
  author       = {Friday, P. and Mowrer, F. W.},
  title        = {{Comparison of FDS Model Predictions with FM/SNL Fire Test Data}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  month        = {April},
  year         = {2001},
  type         = {NIST GCR},
  number       = {01-810},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Friedman:1,
  author       = {Friedman, R.},
  title        = {{Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
  year         = {1990},
  month        = {March},
}

@ARTICLE{Fujita,
  author       = {A. Fujita and R. Kurose and S. Komori},
  title        = {{Experimental study on effect of relative humidty on heat transfer of an evaporating water droplet in air flow}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
  year         = {2010},
  volume       = {36},
  pages        = {244-247}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Gandhi:2,
  author       = {Gandhi, P.D. and Sheppard, D. and Lueptow, R.},
  title        = {{Understanding Sprinkler Sprays}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fire Suppression and Detection Research Application Symposium},
  year         = {2000},
  publisher    = {The Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Gandhi:1,
  author       = {Gandhi, P.D. and Steppan, D.},
  title        = {{Using PDPA in Evaluation of Sprinklers}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fire Suppression and Detection Research Application Symposium},
  year         = {1999},
  publisher    = {The Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, Massachusetts},
  pages        = {65--78},
}

@TECHREPORT{Gavelli:1,
  author       = {Gavelli, F. and Ruffino, P. and Anderson, G. and di Marzo, M.},
  title        = {{Effect of Minute Water Droplets on a Simulated Sprinkler Link Thermal Response}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  month        = {July},
  year         = {1999},
  type         = {NIST GCR},
  number       = {99-776},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Gavin,
  author       = {Gavin, P.M.},
  title        = {{PROGRAM DROP: A Computer Program for Prediction of Evaporation from Freely Falling Multicomponent Drops}},
  institution  = {Sandia National Laboratories},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {1996},
  type         = {SAND},
  number       = {96-2878},
  address      = {Albuquerque, NM},
}

@BOOK{Gelman:Stats,
  author       = {A. Gelman and J.B. Carlin and H.S. Stein and D.B. Rubin},
  title        = {Bayesian Data Analysis},
  publisher    = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press},
  address      = {Boca Raton, Florida},
  edition      = {2nd},
  year         = {2004}
}

@ARTICLE{Germano:1991,
  author       = {M. Germano and U. Piomelli and P. Moin and W. Cabot},
  title        = {A dynamic subgrid-scale eddy viscosity model},
  year         = {1991},
  journal      = {Physics of Fluids A},
  volume       = {3},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1760-1765},
}

@ARTICLE{Germano:1,
  author       = {Germano, M. and Piomelli, U. and Moin, P. and Cabot, W.H.},
  title        = {{A Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Eddy Viscosity Model}},
  journal      = {Physics of Fluids A},
  volume       = {3},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1760--1765},
  year         = {1991},
}

@TECHREPORT{Gordon:1994,
  author       = {Gordon, S. and McBride, B.J.},
  title        = {{Computer program for calculation of complex chemical equilibrium compositions and applications}},
  year         = {1994},
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program},
  type         = {{NASA Reference Publication 1311}},
  address      = {Cleveland, Ohio},
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Gottuk,
  author       = {D.T. Gottuk and B.Y. Lattimer},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Effect of Combustion Conditions on Species Production},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Gottuk_and_White,
  author       = {D.T. Gottuk and D.A. White},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Liquid Fuel Fires},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Gottuk:IAFSS2008,
  author       = {D. Gottuk and C. Mealy and J. Floyd},
  title        = {{Smoke Transport and FDS Validation}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium},
  year         = {2008},
  pages        = {129-140},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science}
}

@ARTICLE{Gottlieb:2001,
  author       = {Gottlieb, S. and Shu, C.-W. and Tadmor, E.},
  title        = {{Strong Stability-Preserving High-Order Time Discretization Methods}},
  journal      = {SIAM Review},
  volume       = {43},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {89-112},
  year         = {2001}
}

@ARTICLE{Gottlieb:2009,
  title        = {High order strong stability preserving time discretizations},
  author       = {Gottlieb, Sigal and Ketcheson, David I and Shu, Chi-Wang},
  journal      = {Journal of Scientific Computing},
  volume       = {38},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {251--289},
  year         = {2009},
  publisher    = {Springer US}
}

@ARTICLE{Grinberg:JCP2010,
  author       = {L. Grinberg and G.E. Karniadakis},
  title        = {{A new domain decomposition method with overlapping patches for ultrascale simulations: Application to biological flows}},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume       = {229},
  pages        = {5541-5563},
  year         = {2010}
}

@BOOK{Grishin:1997,
  author       = {Grishin, A.M.},
  title        = {Mathematical modeling of forest fires and new methods of fighting them},
  publisher    = {Publishing House of the Tomsk State University},
  year         = {1997},
}

@BOOK{Gropp:1,
  author       = {Gropp, W. and Lusk, E. and Skjellum, A.},
  title        = {Using MPI -- Portable Parallel Programming with the Message-Passing
                  Interface},
  publisher    = {MIT Press},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  year         = {1999},
}

@TECHREPORT{RadCal,
  author       = {Grosshandler, W.},
  title        = {{RadCal: A Narrow Band Model for Radiation Calculations in a Combustion Environment}},
  year         = {1993},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  type         = {{NIST Technical Note 1402}},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{Grosshandler:Station,
  author       = {W.L. Grosshandler and N. Bryner and D. Madrzykowski and K. Kuntz},
  title        = {{Report of the Technical Investigation of The Station Nightclub Fire}},
  type         = {NIST NCSTAR},
  number       = {2},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, MD},
  month        = {June},
  year         = {2005}
}

@BOOK{Gardiner:2004,
  author       = {C.W. Gardiner},
  title        = {Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences},
  publisher    = {Springer-Verlag},
  edition      = {3rd},
  address      = {Berlin},
  year         = {2004},
}

@UNPUBLISHED{Gustafsson:1,
  author       = {Gustafsson, N.E.},
  title        = {{A Sprinkler Specialist's View}},
  note         = {Position paper presented at the Smoke Ventilation and Sprinklers
                  Seminar, Fire Research Station, Borehamwood, UK},
  month        = {November},
  year         = {1992},
}

@ARTICLE{Gutierrez:Building_and_Environment,
  author       = {C. Guti\'{e}rrez-Montes and E. Sanmiguel-Rojas and A. Viedma and G. Rein},
  title        = {{Experimental data and numerical modelling of 1.3 and 2.3~MW fires in a 20 m cubic atrium}},
  journal      = {Building and Environment},
  volume       = {44},
  pages        = {1827-1839},
  year         = {2009},
  note         = {\href{http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2761}{http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2761}}
}

@MISC{Gupta:2015,
  author       = {A. Gupta and K. Meredith and G. Agarwal and S. Thumuluru and Y. Xin and M. Chaos and Y. Wang},
  title        = {{CFD Modeling of Fire Growth in Rack-Storages of Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic (CUP) Commodity}},
  year         = {2015},
  howpublished = {FM Global Open Source CFD Fire Modeling Workshop},
  address      = {Norwood, MA}
}

@ARTICLE{Hadjisophocleous:FT2009,
  author       = {G. Hadjisophocleous and Q. Jia},
  title        = {{Comparison of FDS Prediction of Smoke Movement in a 10-Storey Building with Experimental Data}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {45},
  year         = {2009},
  pages        = {163-177}
}

@ARTICLE{Hale:1,
  author       = {Hale, G.M. and Querry, M.R.},
  title        = {{Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 $mu$m wavelength region}},
  journal      = {Applied Optics},
  volume       = {12},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {555--563},
  year         = {1973},
}

@ARTICLE{Hallman:PES1974,
  author       = {J.R. Hallman},
  title        = {{Polymer surface reflectance-absorptance characteristics}},
  journal      = {Polymer Engineering and Science},
  year         = {1974},
  volume       = {14},
  pages        = {717-723}
}

@ARTICLE{Ham,
  author       = {F. E. Ham and F. S. Lien and A. B. Strong},
  title        = {A fully conservative second-order finite difference scheme for incompressible flow on non-uniform grids},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume       = {177},
  pages        = {117--133},
  year         = {2002}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hamilton:1,
  author       = {Hamilton, D.C. and Morgan, W.R.},
  title        = {{Radiant Interchange Configuration Factors}},
  institution  = {National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D.C.},
  year         = {1952},
  type         = {{NACA Technical Note 2836}}
}

@ARTICLE{Hamins:FPE2005,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and Bundy, M. and Dillon, S.E.},
  title        = {{Characterization of Candle Flames}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  year         = {2005},
  volume       = {15},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {265-285}
}

@ARTICLE{Hamins:CST1994,
  author       = {A. Hamins and S.J. Fischer and T. Kashiwagi and M.E. Klassen and J.P. Gore},
  title        = {{Heat Feedback to the Fuel Surface in Pool Fires}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = {1994},
  volume       = {97},
  pages        = {37-62}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hamins:NASA,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and Bundy, M. and Puri, I.K. and McGrattan, K.B. and Park, W.C.},
  title        = {{Suppression of Low Strain Rate Non-Premixed Flames by an Agent}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 6th International Microgravity Combustion Workshop, NASA/CP-2001-210826},
  year         = {2001},
  month        = {May},
  pages        = {101-104},
  organization = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hamins:SP1013-1,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and Maranghides, A. and Johnsson, R. and Donnelly, M. and Yang, G. and Mulholland, G. and Anleitner, R.L.},
  title        = {{Report of Experimental Results for the International Fire Model Benchmarking and Validation Exercise 3}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2006},
  month        = {May},
  type         = {NIST Special Publication},
  number       = {1013-1},
  note         = {Joint Publication of NIST and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NUREG/CR-6905)},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{NIST_NCSTAR_1-5B,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and Maranghides, A. and McGrattan, K.B. and
                  Johnsson, E. and Ohlemiller, T. and Donnelly, M. and Yang, J. and Mulholland, G. and
                  Prasad, K. and Kukuck, S. and Anleitner, R. and McAllister, T.},
  title        = {{Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the
                  World Trade Center Disaster: Experiments and Modeling of Structural Steel Elements Exposed to Fire}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2005},
  month        = {September},
  type         = {NIST NCSTAR},
  number       = {1-5B},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{NIST_NCSTAR_1-5E,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and Maranghides, A. and McGrattan, K.B. and
                  Ohlemiller and Anletiner, R.},
  title        = {{Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the
                  World Trade Center Disaster: Experiments and Modeling of Multiple Workstations Burning in a Compartment}},
  year         = {2005},
  month        = {September},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  type         = {NIST NCSTAR},
  number       = {1-5E},
}

@TECHREPORT{Hamins:1,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Reduced-Scale Experiments to Characterize the Suppression of
                  Rack Storage Commodity Fires}},
  year         = {1999},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6439},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hamins:NISTIR7013,
  author       = {A. Hamins and A. Maranghides and G. Mulholland},
  title        = {{The Global Combustion Behavior of 1~MW to 3~MW Hydrocarbon Spray Fires Burning in an Open Environment}},
  year         = {2003},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {7013},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hamins:IAFSS2002,
  author       = {Hamins, A. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Reduced-Scale Experiments on the Water Suppression of a Rack-Storage
                  Commodity Fire for Calibration of a CFD Fire Model}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {457-468},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hamins:TN2016,
  author       = {A. Hamins},
  title        = {{Energetics of Small and Moderate-Scale Gaseous Pool Fires}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2016},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {1926},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hamins:TN1928,
  author       = {A. Hamins and A. Lock},
  title        = {{The Structure of a Moderate-Scale Methanol Pool Fire}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2016},
  month        = {November},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {1928},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  note         = {https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1928}
}

@ARTICLE{Hamins:CF1991,
  author       = {A. Hamins and M. Klassen and J. Gore and T. Kashiwagi},
  title        = {{Estimate of Flame Radiance via a Single Location Measurement in Liquid Pool Fires}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  year         = {1991},
  volume       = {86},
  pages        = {223-228}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hanna:1982,
  author       = {S.R. Hanna and G.A. Briggs and R.P. Hosker},
  title        = {{Handbook on Atmospheric Diffusion}},
  year         = {1982},
  institution  = {U.S. Department of Energy},
  type         = {DOE/TIC},
  number       = {11223},
  note         = {Available through the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia}
}

@ARTICLE{Hansen:FSJ2012,
  author       = {R. Hansen and H. Ingason},
  title        = {{Heat release rates of multiple objects at varying distances}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2012},
  volume       = {52},
  pages        = {1-10}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hansen:2010,
  author       = {R. Hansen and H. Ingason},
  title        = {{Model scale fire experiments in a model tunnel with wooden pallets at varying distances}},
  year         = {2010},
  month        = {August},
  institution  = {M\"{a}lardalen University},
  address      = {Sweden}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hardy:1,
  author       = {Hardy, J.E. and Hylton, J.O. and McKnight, T.E.},
  title        = {{Empirical Correlations for Thermal Flowmeters Covering a Wide Range of Thermal-Physical Properties}},
  booktitle    = {National Conference of Standards labs (NCSL) 1999 Workshop and Symposium},
  year         = {1999},
  note         = {Charlotte, North Carolina},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Harris:ISTSS2010,
  author       = {Harris, K.J.},
  title        = {{Water Application Rates for Fixed Fire Fighting Systems in Road Tunnels}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security},
  year         = {2010},
  pages        = {351-362}
}

@ARTICLE{Harris:JWE1996,
  author       = {R. I. Harris},
  title        = {Gumbel re-visited---a new look at extreme value statistics applied to wind speeds},
  journal      = {Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics},
  year         = {1996},
  volume       = 59,
  pages        = {1-22}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Harrison:2009,
  author       = {R. Harrison},
  title        = {Entrainment of air into thermal spill plumes},
  year         = {2009},
  school       = {University of Canterbury},
  address = {Christchurch, New Zealand}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Harrison:IAFSS2008,
  author       = {R. Harrison and M. Spearpoint},
  title        = {{Characterization of Balcony Spill Plume Entrainment using Physical Scale Modeling}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium},
  year         = {2008},
  pages        = {727-738},
  publisher    = {International Association for Fire Safety Science}
}

@ARTICLE{Harrison:FT2007,
  author       = {R. Harrison and M. Spearpoint},
  title        = {The balcony spill plume: entrainment of air into a flow from a compartment opening to a higher projecting balcony},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  year         = {2007},
  volume       = 43,
  number       = 4,
  pages        = {301-317}
}

@ARTICLE{Harrison:FSJ2010,
  author       = {R. Harrison and M. Spearpoint},
  title        = {Physical scale modeling of adhered spill plume entrainment},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2010},
  volume       = 45,
  pages        = {149-158}
}

@ARTICLE{Hasemi:1984,
  author       = {Y. Hasemi and T. Tokunaga},
  title        = {Some experimental aspects of turbulent diffusion flames and buoyant plumes from fire sources against a wall and in corners},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = {1984},
  volume       = {40},
  pages        = {1-17},
}

@ARTICLE{He:1,
  author       = {He, Y.P. and Fernando, A. and Luo, M.C.},
  title        = {{Determination of interface height from measured parameter
                  profile in enclosure fire experiment}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1998},
  volume       = {31},
  pages        = {19--38},
}

@MISC{Herrmann:2005,
  author       = {M. Herrmann and G. Blanquart and V. Raman},
  title        = {Flux corrected finite-volume scheme for preserving boundedness in large-eddy simulations},
  year         = {2005},
  howpublished = {AIAA Paper 2005-25009},
}

@TECHREPORT{Heskestad:1,
  author       = {Heskestad, G.},
  title        = {{Model Study of Automatic Smoke and Heat Vent Performance in
                  Sprinklered Fires}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  year         = {1974},
  month        = {September},
  number       = {FMRC Serial No.~21933 RC74-T-29},
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Heskestad,
  author       = {Heskestad, G.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Fire Plumes, Flame Height and Air Entrainment},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@TECHREPORT{Heskestad:2,
  author       = {Heskestad, G. and Bill, R.G.},
  title        = {{Conduction Heat Loss Effects on Thermal Response of Automatic
                  Sprinklers}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  year         = {1987},
  month        = {September},
}

@ARTICLE{Heskestad:3,
  author       = {Heskestad, G. and Bill, R.G.},
  title        = {{Quantification of Thermal Responsiveness of Automatic Sprinklers
                  Including Conduction Effects}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1988},
  volume       = {14},
  pages        = {113-125},
}

@ARTICLE{Heskestad:FSJ1983,
  author       = {Heskestad, G.},
  title        = {{Luminous Heights of Turbulent Diffusion Flames}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1983},
  volume       = {5},
  pages        = {103-108},
}

@TECHREPORT{Heskestad:4,
  author       = {Heskestad, G. and Delichatsios, M.A.},
  title        = {{Environments of Fire Detectors--Phase 1: Effects of Fire Size, Ceiling Height and Material}},
  year         = {1977},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  number       = {NBS GCR 77-86 and NBS GCR 77-95},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Hietaniemi:2001,
        author      = {J. Hietaniemi},
        title       = {{Puun palosuojauksen vaikutus suljetussa tilassa kehittyv\"{a}\"{a}n paloon: kokeellinen todennus ja koetulosten soveltamisesimerkki}},
        journal     = {Palontorjuntatekniikka},
        volume      = {31},
        number      = {3-4},
        pages       = {109-114},
        year        = {2001},
}

@TECHREPORT{Hietaniemi:1,
  author       = {Hietaniemi, J. and Hostikka, S. and Vaari, J.},
  title        = {{FDS Simulation of Fire Spread -- Comparison of Model Results with Experimental Data}},
  institution  = {{VTT Building and Transport}},
  address      = {Espoo, Finland},
  year         = {2004},
  type         = {VTT Working Papers},
  number       = {4},
}

@TECHREPORT{NUREG_1805,
  author       = {N. Iqbal and M. Salley},
  title        = {{Fire Dynamics Tools (FDTs): Quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis Methods for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fire Protection Inspection Program}},
  institution  = {United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  year         = {2004},
  type         = {{NUREG}-1805},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
}

@TECHREPORT{NUREG_1824,
  author       = {K. Hill and J. Dreisbach and F. Joglar and B. Najafi and K. McGrattan and R. Peacock and A. Hamins},
  title        = {{Verification and Validation of Selected Fire Models for Nuclear Power Plant Applications}},
  institution  = {United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  year         = {2007},
  type         = {{NUREG}-1824},
  address      = {Washington, DC}
}

@TECHREPORT{NUREG_1824_Sup_1,
  author       = {D. Stroup and A. Lindeman},
  title        = {{Verification and Validation of Selected Fire Models for Nuclear Power Plant Applications}},
  institution  = {United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  year         = {2013},
  type         = {{NUREG-1824, Supplement~1}},
  address      = {Washington, DC}
}

@TECHREPORT{NUREG_1934,
  author       = {M.H. Salley and R. Wachowiak},
  title        = {{Nuclear Power Plant Fire Modeling Analysis Guidelines}},
  institution  = {United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  year         = {2007},
  type         = {{NUREG}-1934},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  note         = {EPRI 1023259}
}

@ARTICLE{Hartman_2012,
   author       = {J.R. Hartman and A.P. Beyler and S. Riahi and C.L.Belyer},
   title        = {{Smoke oxidation kinetics for application to prediction of clean burn patterns}},
   journal      = {Fire and Materials},
   volume       = {36},
   pages        = {177-184},
   year         = {2012}
}

@ARTICLE{Harlow:1,
  author       = {Harlow, F. H. and Welch, J. E.},
  title        = {{Numerical calculation of time-dependent viscous incompressible flow of fluid with a free surface}},
  journal      = {Phys. Fluids},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {1965},
  pages        = "2182",
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Higgins_Davidson,
  author       = {Higgins, D. and Davidson, M.},
  title        = {{An Isothermal Model of Agglomeration in a Flash Smelting Reaction Shaft}},
  booktitle    = {Fifth International Conference on CFD in the Process Industries},
  organization = {CSIRO Minerals, Melbourne, Austrailia},
  year         = {2006},
}

@ARTICLE{Hinkley:2,
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  title        = {{The Effect of Vents on the Opening of the First Sprinklers}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {1986},
  pages        = "211--225",
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Hinkley,
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  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
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  year         = {1995},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@ARTICLE{Hinkley:1,
  author       = {Hinkley, P.L. and Hansell, G.O. and Marshall, N.R. and Harrison, R.},
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  journal      = {Fire Surveyor},
  month        = {October},
  year         = {1992},
  pages        = "18--23",
}

@TECHREPORT{Hinkley:3,
  author       = {Hinkley, P.L. and Hansell, G.O. and Marshall, N.R. and Harrison, R.},
  title        = {Experiments at the {M}ultifunctioneel {T}rainingcentrum, {G}hent,
                  on the interaction between sprinklers and smoke venting},
  institution  = {Building Research Establishment, Fire Research Station},
  year         = {1992},
  address      = "Borehamwood, Herts, WD6 2BL, UK",
}

@TECHREPORT{UWO_Wind_Tunnel_Report,
  author       = {T.C.E. Ho and D. Surry and D. Morrish},
  title        = {{NIST/TTU Cooperative Agreement---Windstorm Mitigation Initiative: Wind Tunnel Experiments on Generic Low Buildings}},
  institution  = {The Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory, University of Western Ontario},
  address      = {London, Ontario, Canada},
  number       = {BLWT-SS20-2003},
  month        = {May},
  year         = {2003}
}

@article{Hodges:IAFSS2023,
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  journal = {Fire Safety Journal},
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  year = {2023}
}

@BOOK{Hoerner:1965,
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  year         = {1965},
  isbn         = {9991194444}
}

@ARTICLE{Hoffman:FT2016,
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  year         = {2016},
  pages        = {221-237}
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@BOOK{Holdich:2002,
  author       = {Holdich, R.G.},
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@BOOK{Holman:1,
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@BOOK{Holman:2,
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  year         = {2010}
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@TECHREPORT{Hostikka:2008,
  author       = {Hostikka, S.},
  title        = {{Development of fire simulation models for radiative heat transfer and probabilistic risk assessment}},
  institution  = {VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland},
  address      = {Espoo, Finland},
  type         = {VTT Publications},
  number       = {683},
  pages        = {103 p. + app. 82 p.},
  year         = {2008},
}

@TECHREPORT{VTT:1,
  author       = {Hostikka, S. and Axelsson, J.},
  title        = {{Modelling of the Radiative Feedback from the
                  Flames in Cone Calorimeter}},
  institution  = {VTT Building and Transport},
  number       = {Nordtest Project No.~1575-02},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {November},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hostikka:1,
  author       = {Hostikka, S. and Baum, H.R. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of the Cone Calorimeter}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of US Section Meeting of the Combustion Institute},
  publisher    = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2001},
}

@TECHREPORT{Hostikka:VTT2104,
  author       = {Hostikka, S. and Kokkala, M. and Vaari, J.},
  title        = {{Experimental Study of the Localized Room Fires}},
  institution  = {{VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland}},
  address      = {Espoo, Finland},
  year         = {2001},
  type         = {VTT Research Notes},
  number       = {2104},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hostikka:2,
  author       = {Hostikka, S. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of Wood Combustion}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Interflam Conference},
  pages        = {755-762},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = "Interscience Communications, London",
}

@ARTICLE{Hostikka:FSJ2006,
  author       = {Hostikka, S. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Numerical modeling of radiative heat transfer in water sprays}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2006},
  volume       = {41},
  pages        = {76-86},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hostikka:3,
  author       = {Hostikka, S. and McGrattan, K.B. and Hamins, A.},
  title        = {{Numerical Modeling of Pool Fires using Large Eddy Simulation and Finite Volume Method for Radiation}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International
                  Symposium},
  pages        = {383-394},
  year         = {2002},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@ARTICLE{Hottel:1,
  author       = {Hottel, H.C.},
  title        = {{Stimulation of Fire Research in the United States After 1940 (A Historical Account)}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {39},
  pages        = {1--10},
  year         = {1984},
}

@ARTICLE{Houssami:2016,
  author       = {M. Houssami and E. Mueller and A. Filkov and J.C. Thomas and N. Skowronski and M.R. Gallagher and K. Clark and R. Kremens and A. Simeoni},
  title        = {{Experimental procedures characterizing firebrand generation in wildland fires}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {52},
  number       = 3,
  pages        = {731-751},
  year         = {2016}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hu:1,
  author       = {Hu, X. and Wang, Z. and Jia, F. and Galea, E.R. and Patel, M.K.},
  title        = {{Simulating Smoke Transport in Large Scale Enclosure Fires
                  Using a Multi-Particle-Size Model}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium},
  address      = {University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA},
  year         = {2011},
  pages        = {445-458},
}

@ARTICLE{Hu:2005,
  author       = {Z. Hu and Y. Utiskul and J.G. Quintiere and A. Trouve},
  title        = {{A Comparison Between Observed And Simulated Flame Structures In Poorly Ventilated Compartment Fires}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Science},
  volume       = {8},
  pages        = {1193--1204},
  year         = {2005},
}

@ARTICLE{Huang:1963,
  author       = {G.C. Huang},
  title        = {{Investigations of Heat-Transfer Coefficients for Air Flow Through}},
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  number       = 3,
  pages        = {237-245},
  year         = 1963
}

@ARTICLE{Huggett:1,
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  title        = {{Estimation of Rate of Heat Release by
                  Means of Oxygen Consumption Measurements}},
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  volume       = {4},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {61--65},
  year         = {1980},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Hume:Masters,
  author       = {Hume, B.P.},
  title        = {{Water Mist Suppression in Conjunction with Displacement Ventilation}},
  month        = {February},
  year         = {2003},
  note         = {Fire Engineering Research Report 03/4},
  address      = {Christchurch, New Zealand},
  school       = {University of Canterbury},
}

@TECHREPORT{Hurley:GCR09-921,
author         = {Hurley, M. and Munguia, A.},
title          = {{Analysis of FDS Thermal Detector Response Prediction Capability}},
type           = {NIST GCR},
year           = {2009},
number         = {09-921},
institution    = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
address        = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Hurley:JFPE2009,
author         = {Hurley, M. and Munguia, A.},
title          = {{Analysis of FDS Thermal Detector Response Prediction Capability}},
journal        = {J.~Fire Protection Engineering},
year           = {2009},
volume         = {20}
}

@ARTICLE{Edwards:FSJ,
  author       = {Hwang, C.C. and Edwards, J.C.},
  title        = {{The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fires -- a computer simulation}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2005},
  pages        = {213-244},
  volume       = {40},
}

@MISC{HYPRE,
  title = {{HYPRE: Scalable Linear Solvers and Multigrid Methods}},
  note = {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories},
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}

@ARTICLE{Icove:JNAFE2021,
  author       = {D.J. Icove and T.R. May},
  title        = {{Computer Fire Modeling and the Law: Application to Forensic Fire Engineering Investigations}},
  journal      = {Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers},
  year         = {2021},
  pages        = {77-90},
  volume       = {38},
  number       = {1},
  month        = {June},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.51501/jotnafe.v38i1.167}{https://doi.org/10.51501/jotnafe.v38i1.167}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ierardi:1,
  author       = {Ierardi, J.A. and Barnett, J.R.},
  title        = {{A Quantitative Method for Calibrating CFD Model Calculations}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the CIB-CTBUH International Conference on Tall Buildings},
  organization = {International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB)},
  pages        = {507-514},
  year         = {2003},
}

@BOOK{Incropera:1,
  author       = {T.L. Bergman and A.S. Lavine and F.P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt},
  title        = {Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  edition      = {7th},
  publisher    = {John Wiley and Sons},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {2011}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ingason:2,
  author       = {Ingason, H.},
  title        = {{Small Scale Test of a Road Tanker Fire}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fires in Tunnels, Boras, Sweden, October 10-11, 1994},
  year         = {1994},
  pages        = {238-248},
  note         = {SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Fire Technology, SP Report 1994:54. Distributed by
                  Interscience Communication Limited, London},
}

@TECHREPORT{Ingason:1,
  author       = {Ingason, H. and Olsson, S.},
  title        = {{Interaction between Sprinklers and Fire Vents}},
  institution  = {Swedish National Testing and Research Institute (SP)},
  year         = {1992},
  note         = "SP Report 1992:11",
}

@ARTICLE{Isojarvi:IJHT2018,
  author         = {Isoj\"{a}rvi, T. and Bordbar, H. and Hostikka, S.},
  title          = {{Spectrally resolved calculation of thermal radiation penetration into
                    liquid n-heptane in pool fires}},
  journal        = {Int.~J.~Heat and Mass Transfer},
  year           = {2018},
  volume         = {127 C},
  pages          = {1101-1109}
}


@TECHREPORT{Ivings:HSL,
  author       = {M.J. Ivings and S.E. Gant and S.F. Jagger and C.J. Lea and J.R. Stewart and D.M. Webber},
  title        = {{Evaluating vapor dispersion models for safety analysis of LNG facilities}},
  month        = {September},
  year         = 2016,
  institution  = {Health and Safety Laboratory},
  type         = {Report Number},
  number       = {MSU/2016/17},
  address      = {Buxton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Jahn:IAFSS9,
  author       = {Jahn, W. and Rein, G. and Torero, J.L.},
  title        = {{The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {2008},
  month        = {September},
  address      = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  note         = {\href{http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2696}{http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2696}}
}

@ARTICLE{Janardhan:FT2019,
  author       = {R.Kallada Janardhan and S. Hostikka},
  title        = {{Predictive Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Fire Spread on Wood Cribs}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  year         = {2019},
  volume       = {55},
  pages        = {2245-2268}
}

@ARTICLE{Janardhan:FSJ2021,
  author       = {R.Kallada Janardhan and S. Hostikka},
  title        = {{When is the fire spreading and when it travels? -- Numerical simulations of compartments with wood crib fire loads}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2021},
  volume       = {126},
  month        = {December},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103485}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103485}}
}

@ARTICLE{Janssens:JFS1992,
  author       = {Janssens, M.L. and Tran, H.C.},
  title        = {{Data Reduction of Room Tests for Zone Model Validation}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Science},
  year         = {1992},
  volume       = {10},
  pages        = {528-555}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Jarrin:2008,
  author       = {N. Jarrin},
  title        = {Synthetic Inflow Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Turbulence},
  year         = {2008},
  school       = {The University of Manchester},
  address = {Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Jhalani:1,
  author       = {Jhalani, A.},
  title        = {{A Numerical Study of Stretch in Partially Premixed Flames}},
  year         = {2001},
  school       = {University of Illinois at Chicago},
}

@TECHREPORT{Jones:1,
  author       = {Jones, W.W.},
  title        = {{A Review of Compartment Fire Models}},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  year         = {1983},
  type         = {NBSIR},
  number       = {83-2684},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Jones_Lindstedt:1988,
    author={W. P. Jones and R. P. Lindstedt},
    title={Global Reaction Schemes for Hydrocarbon Combustion},
    journal={Combustion and Flame},
    volume={73},
    pages={233-249},
    year={1988}
}

@ARTICLE{JD:1994,
    author={S. Jovic and D. M. Driver},
    title={Backward-Facing Step Measurements at Low {Reynolds} Number, {$Re_h$=5000}},
    journal={NASA Technical Memorandum},
    volume={108807},
    year={1994},
    month={February},
}

@ARTICLE{Kader:1981,
  author       = {Kader, B.A.},
  title        = {{Temperature and concentration profiles in fully turbulent boundary layers}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  year         = {1981},
  volume       = {24},
  pages        = {1541-1544},
}

@ARTICLE{Kahaner:1989,
  author       = {D.K. Kahaner and W.F. Lawkins and S. Thompson},
  title        = {On the use of rootfinding {ODE} software for the solution of a common problem in nonlinear dynamical systems},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics},
  year         = {1989},
  volume       = {28},
  pages        = {219-230},
}

@BOOK{Kalnay:2003,
  author       = {E. Kalnay},
  title        = {Atmospheric Modeling, Data Assimilation, and Predictability},
  publisher    = {Cambridge},
  year         = {2003},
}

@TECHREPORT{Kashef:1,
  author       = {Kashef, A. and Benichou, N. and Lougheed, G.D. and McCartney, C.},
  title        = {{A Computational and Experimental Study of Fire Growth and Smoke Movement in Large Spaces}},
  institution  = {National Research Council Canada},
  number       = {NRCC-45201},
  year         = {2002},
}

@ARTICLE{Kashiwagi:1987,
  author       = {Kashiwagi, T. and Ohlemiller, T.J. and Werner, K.},
  title        = {{Effects of External Radiant Flux and Ambient Oxygen Concentration on Nonflaming Gasification Rates and Evolved Products of White Pine}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = 69,
  pages        = {331-345},
  year         = 1987
}

@ARTICLE{Kashiwagi:CF1992,
  author       = {Kashiwagi, T. and Nambu, H.},
  title        = {{Global kinetic constants for thermal oxidative degradation of a cellulosic paper}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = 88,
  pages        = {345-368},
  year         = 1992
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kashiwagi:CS1996,
  author       = {Kashiwagi, T. and McGrattan, K.B. and Olson, S.L. and Fujita, O. and Kikuchi, M. and Ito, K.},
  title        = {{Effects of Slow Wind on Localized Radiative Ignition and
                  Transition to Flame Spread in Microgravity}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Sixth Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {1345-1352},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kashiwagi:1,
  author       = {Kashiwagi, T. and Mell, W. and McGrattan, K. and Baum, H. and Olson, S. and Fujita, O. and Kikuchi, M. and Ito, K.},
  title        = {{Ignition, Transition, Flame Spread in Multidimensional Configurations in Microgravity}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 4th International Microgravity Combustion Workshop},
  year         = {1997},
  month        = {May},
  organization = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio},
}

@ARTICLE{Kempel:1,
  author       = {Kempel, F. and Schartel, B. and Linteris, G. T. and Stoliarov, S.I. and Lyon, R.E. and Walters, R.N. and Hofmann, A.},
  title        = {{Prediction of the Mass Loss Rate of Polymer Materials: Impact of Residue Formation}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = 159,
  pages        = {2974-2984},
  year         = 2012
}

@PHDTHESIS{Kempf:2003,
  author       = {A. Kempf},
  title        = {Large-Eddy Simulation of Non-Premixed Turbulent Flames},
  year         = {2003},
  school       = {Technischen Universit\"{a}t Darmstadt},
}

@TECHREPORT{Kerber:1,
  author       = {Kerber, S. and Walton, W.},
  title        = {{Characterizing Positive Pressure Ventilation using Computational Fluid Dynamics}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {7065},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {February}
}

@ARTICLE{Ketcheson:2009,
  title        = {Optimal implicit strong stability preserving Runge--Kutta methods},
  author       = {Ketcheson, David I and Macdonald, Colin B and Gottlieb, Sigal},
  journal      = {Applied Numerical Mathematics},
  volume       = {59},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {373--392},
  year         = {2009},
  publisher    = {North-Holland}
}

@ARTICLE{Khawam:2006,
  author       = {A. Khawam and D. R. Flanagan},
  title        = {{Solid-State Kinetic Models: Basics and Mathematical Fundamentals}},
  journal      = {J. Phys. Chem. B},
  volume       = {110},
  pages        = {17315-17328},
  year         = {2006}
}

@ARTICLE{Kim:BE2003,
  author       = {Kim, S.C. and Ryou, H.S.},
  title        = {{An Experimental and Numerical Study on Fire Suppression using a Water Mist in an Enclosure}},
  journal      = {Building and Environment},
  year         = {2003},
  volume       = {38},
  pages        = {1309-1316}
}

@ARTICLE{Kim:IJACR2004,
  author       = {Kim, S.C. and Ryou, H.S.},
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  year         = {2004},
  volume       = {12},
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  pages        = {30-36}
}

@ARTICLE{Kim:FSJ2019,
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  title        = {{Energy Balance in Medium-Scale Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone Pool Fires}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {107},
  pages        = {44-53},
  year         = {2019}
}

@ARTICLE{Kim,
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  year         = {1999}
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@ARTICLE{KimYJ_Trouve:FSJ2023,
  author       = {Y.J. Kim and A. Trouv\'{e}},
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  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {141},
  pages        = {103971},
  year         = {2023}
}

@TECHREPORT{Klassen:GCR1994,
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  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {1994},
  month        = {June},
  type         = {NIST GCR},
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  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Klein:2008,
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  publisher    = {Springer},
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@ARTICLE{Kodur:1,
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  month        = {March/April},
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  pages        = {101-107},
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@TECHREPORT{PNNL:Caldecott,
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  institution  = {{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory}},
  address      = {Richland, Washington},
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  year         = {2006},
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@PHDTHESIS{SdBK,
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  year         = {1999},
}

@TECHREPORT{Kim:1987,
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  title        = {{Transport of Passive Scalars in Turbulent Channel Flow}},
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},
  year         = {1987},
  month        = {September},
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  year         = {2002},
  publisher    = {European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence, and Combustion},
}


@ARTICLE{Koylu:1,
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  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {87},
  pages        = {61-76},
  year         = {1991}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kramer:1,
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  booktitle    = {Proceedings of 2001 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition},
  organization = {American Society of Mechanical Engineering},
  note         = {IMECE2001/HTD-24250},
  month        = {November},
  year         = {2001},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kumar:1,
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  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the First European Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {1995},
  note         = {ETH, Zurich},
}

@TECHREPORT{Kummel:2007,
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  title        = {Technische Str\"omungsmechanik},
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  year         = {2007}
}

@BOOK{Kundu:1,
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  title        = {Fluid Mechanics},
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  address      = {San Diego},
  year         = {2004},
  edition      = {Third}
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@ARTICLE{Kwon:Fire_Technology_2007,
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  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {43},
  pages        = {255-284},
  year         = {2007},
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@TECHREPORT{Larson:Caldecott,
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  year         = {1984},
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@article{Lattimer:FTJ:2013,
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   doi = {10.1007/s10694-012-0261-1},
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   issue = {2},
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   keywords = {Ceiling,Corner,Corridor,Flame length,Gas temperature,Heat flux,Tunnels,Unbounded},
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@ARTICLE{GPyro:FSJ,
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  year         = {2009},
  pages        = {819-839},
  volume       = {44},
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@ARTICLE{Lautenberger:2009,
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  title        = {{A model for oxidative pyrolysis of wood}},
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  year         = {2009},
  pages        = {1503-1513},
  volume       = {156},
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@ARTICLE{Lautenberger:FSJ,
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  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2006},
  pages        = {204-214},
  volume       = {41},
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@TECHREPORT{Leventon:NIST_TN_2282,
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  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2024},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {6196-1},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
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@BOOK{Leveque:1,
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  year         = {2002},
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@TECHREPORT{Ma:2,
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  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  month        = {April},
  year         = {2003},
  type         = {NIST GCR},
  number       = {03-849},
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@ARTICLE{Le:1997,
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@ARTICLE{Li:FSJ2010,
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  pages        = {361-370},
  year         = {2010}
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@ARTICLE{Li:IJHMT,
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  title        = {{Gasification Experiments for Pyrolysis Model Parameterization and Validation}},
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  year         = {2014}
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@ARTICLE{Li:CF,
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  pages        = {1287-1297},
  year         = {2013}
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@ARTICLE{Li:PDS_2014,
  author       = {J. Li and S.I. Stoliarov},
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  year         = {2014}
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@ARTICLE{Li:PDS_2015,
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  pages        = {138-152},
  year         = {2015}
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@PHDTHESIS{Li:Thesis,
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  year         = {2014}
}

@ARTICLE{LiChow:2008,
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  year         = {2008},
  doi          = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-007-0036-2},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lilleberg:2010,
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  booktitle    = {ICNAAM, Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, International Conference},
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  volume       = {III},
  year         = {2010},
  pages        = {2158-2161},
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@ARTICLE{Lilly:1,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lilly:1967,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Linteris:ISSM4,
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  booktitle    = {Fourth International Symposium on Scale Modeling (ISSM-IV)},
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@ARTICLE{Linteris:2,
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  year         = 2012
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Liou:1,
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@TECHREPORT{Livingood:1973,
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  title        = {{Impingement Heat Transfer from Turbulent Air Jets to Flat Plates - A Literature Survey}},
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  year         = {May 1973}
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@TECHREPORT{Lock:1,
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  title        = {{Experimental Study of the Effects of Fuel Type, Fuel Distribution, and Vent Size on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires in an ISO 9705 Room }},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
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  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
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  year         = {2008}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lohasz:1,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Lonnermark:Interflam2004,
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@ARTICLE{Lowesmith:PSEP2012,
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  year         = {2012},
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@ARTICLE{Loth:1,
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@techreport{Luketa:1,
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@MISC{Lund:1997,
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@TECHREPORT{Lundquist:2010,
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@ARTICLE{Lyon:JAAP2004,
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@INBOOK{Lyon:Ency2005,
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  year         = {2005}
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@BOOK{NIST_JANAF,
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@MASTERSTHESIS{Ma:1,
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  school       = {University of Maryland},
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@ARTICLE{MaLiu:2017,
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  year         = {2017},
  volume       = {165},
  pages        = {421–445},
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@ARTICLE{Ma:3,
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  title        = {{Numerical Simulation of Axi-Symmetric Fire Plumes: Accuracy and Limitations}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {2003},
  volume       = {38},
  pages        = {467-492},
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@ARTICLE{Ma:BGS2018,
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  journal      = {Biogeosciences},
  year         = {2018},
  volume       = {15},
  pages        = {693-702},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Mack:1,
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@ARTICLE{Madhav:IJMP1995,
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@ARTICLE{Maqua,
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  pages        = {2932-2942},
  year         = {2008}
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@TECHREPORT{Iowa,
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                  Duplex, Iowa, December 22, 1999}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2002},
  month        = {January},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6854},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Madrzykowski:1,
  author       = {Madrzykowski, D. and Vettori, R.L.},
  title        = {{Simulation of the Dynamics of the Fire at 3146 Cherry Road NE Washington D.C., May 30, 1999}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2000},
  month        = {April},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6510},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Madrzykowski:2019,
  author       = {Madrzykowski, D. and Weinschenk, C.},
  title        = {{Impact of Fixed Ventilation on Fire Damage Patterns in Full-Scale Structures}},
  institution  = {Underwriters Laboratories Firefighter Safety Research Institute, Columbia, MD},
  month        = {April},
  year         = {2019},
}

@TECHREPORT{Cook_County,
  author       = {Madrzykowski, D. and Walton, W.D.},
  title        = {{Cook County Administration Building Fire, 69 West Washington, Chicago, Illinois, October 17, 2003: Heat Release Rate Experiments and FDS Simulations}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2004},
  month        = {July},
  type         = {NIST Special Publication},
  number       = {SP-1021},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Magnussen:1,
  author       = {Magnussen, B.F. and Hjertager, B.H.},
  title        = {{On Mathematical Modeling of Turbulent Combustion with Special Emphasis on Soot
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@ARTICLE{Mahmud:FSJ2016,
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  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {81},
  year         = {2016},
  pages        = {109-117},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.01.015}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.01.015}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Makarov:1,
  author       = {Makarov, D. and Molkov, V. and Ryzhov, A.},
  title        = {{Application of CFD to Simulation of Accidental Combustion and its Suppression}},
  booktitle    = {Second NRIFD Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  month        = {July},
  institution  = {FireSERT, University of Ulster, County Antrim, UK},
}

@ARTICLE{Malendowski:FT,
  author       = {M. Malendowski},
  title        = {{Analytical Solution for Adiabatic Surface Temperature (AST)}},
  year         = {2017},
  volume       = 53,
  pages        = {413-420},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10694-016-0585-3}
}

@ARTICLE{Manohar:JHT1995,
  author       = {Manohar, S.S. and Kulkarni, A.K. and Thynell, S.T.},
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  year         = {1995},
  month        = {February},
  journal      = {Journal of Heat Transfer},
  volume       = {117},
  pages        = {146-151}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Mangs_Hostikka:IAFSS10,
  author       = {Mangs, J. and Hostikka, S.},
  title        = {{Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Vertical Flame Spread on Charring Materials at Different Ambient Temperatures}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science 10 -- Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium},
  address      = {University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA},
  year         = {2011},
  pages        = {499-512}
}

@BOOK{Martinez:1,
  author       = {Martiez, I.},
  title        = {Termodinamica Basica y Aplicada},
  publisher    = {Dossat, Editorial S.A.},
  address      = {Madrid, Spain},
  year         = {1992},
}

@ARTICLE{Manzello:FSJ2008a,
  author       = {S.L. Manzello and J.R. Shields and T.G. Cleary and A. Maranghides and W.E. Mell and J.C. Yang and Y. Hayashi and D. Nii and T. Kurita},
  title        = {On the development and characterization of a firebrand generator},
  year         = {2008},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {43},
  pages        = {258-268}
}

@ARTICLE{Manzello:2009,
  author       = {S. Manzello and A. Maranghides and J. R. Shields and W. E. Mell and Y. Hayashi and D. Nii},
  title        = {Mass and size distribution of firebrands generated from burning {Korean} pine trees},
  year         = {2009},
  journal      = {Fire and Materials},
  volume       = {33},
  pages        = {21-31}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Manzello:SiF08,
  author       = {S.L. Manzello and S.H. Park and T. Mizukami and D.P. Benz},
  title        = {{Measurement of Thermal Properties of Gypsum Board at Elevated Temperatures}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF'08)},
  address      = {Nanyang Technological University, Singapore},
  year         = {2008},
  pages        = {656-665}
}

@TECHREPORT{Maranghides:TN2161,
  author       = {A. Maranghides and S. Nazare and E. Link and K. Prasad and M. Hoehler and M. Bundy and S. Hawks and F. Bigelow and W. Mell and A. Bova and D. McNamara and T. Milac and D. Gorham and F. Hedayati and B. Raymer and F. Frievalt and W. Walton},
  title        = {{Structure Separation Experiments Phase 1 Preliminary Test Plan}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2021},
  month        = {May},
  number       = {2161},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Maranghides:TN2235,
  author       = {A. Maranghides and S. Nazare and E. Link and M. Hoehler and M. Bundy and F. Hedayati and D. Gorham and X. Monroy and M. Morrison and W. Mell and A. Bova and T. Milac and D. McNamara and S. Hawks and F. Bigelow and B. Raymer and F. Frievalt and W. Walton},
  title        = {{Structure Separation Experiments: Shed Burns without Wind}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2022},
  month        = {September},
  number       = {2235},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@INBOOK{Martin:1977,
  author       = {H. Martin},
  title        = {Advances in Heat Transfer},
  editor       = {J.P Hartnett and T.F. Irvine, Jr.},
  chapter      = {Heat and Mass Transfer Between Impinging Gas Jets and Solid Surfaces},
  publisher    = {Academic Press},
  year         = {1977},
  volume       = {13},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{May:2014,
  author       = {May, Sandra and Berger, Marsha},
  title        = {A mixed explicit implicit time stepping scheme for Cartesian embedded boundary meshes},
  crossref     = {FVCA7},
  pages        = {393--400},
}

@PROCEEDINGS{FVCA7,
  editor       = {J\"{u}rgen Fuhrmann and Mario Ohlberger and Christian Rohde},
  title        = {Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics},
  booktitle    = {Finite Volumes for complex Applications VII - Methods and Theoretical Aspects},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  venue        = {Berlin, Germany},
  month        = {June},
  year         = {2014},
  isbn         = {978-3-319-05684-5},
}

@ARTICLE{May:2017,
   Author = {May, Sandra and Berger, Marsha},
   Journal = {Journal of Scientific Computing},
   Month = {Jun},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {919--943},
   Title = {An Explicit Implicit Scheme for Cut Cells in Embedded Boundary Meshes},
   Volume = {71},
   Year = {2017}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Morehart:1991,
  author       = {Morehart, J. and Zukoski, E. and Kubota, T.},
  title        = {Characteristics of Large Diffusion Flames Burning in a Vitiated Atmosphere},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {1991},
  pages        = {575-583}
}

@ARTICLE{PinoMartin:2000,
  author       = {M. Pino Martin and U. Piomelli and G. Candler},
  title        = {Subgrid-scale models for compressible large-eddy simulation},
  year         = {2000},
  journal      = {Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics},
  volume       = {13},
  pages        = {361-376}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Matsumoto:1996,
  author       = {T. Matsumoto and A. Ono and Y. Noumaru and F. Takeda},
  title        = {{Measurements of Specific Heat Capacity and Emissivity of Graphite Samples using Pulse Current Heating at High Temperatures (III)}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Japan Symposium on Thermophysical Properties},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {183-186}
}

@ARTICLE{Matsumoto:IJT1995,
  author       = {T. Matsumoto and A. Ono},
  title        = {{Specific Heat Capacity and Emissivity Measurements of Ribbon-Shaped Graphite Using Pulse Current Heating}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Thermophysics},
  volume       = {16},
  pages        = {267-275},
  year         = {1995}
}

@ARTICLE{Mawhinney:FT2012,
  author       = {J.R. Mawhinney and J. Trelles},
  title        = {{Testing Water Mist Systems Against Large Fires in Tunnels: Integrating Test Data with CFD Simulations}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {48},
  pages        = {565-594},
  year         = {2012}
}

@TECHREPORT{McCaffrey:NBSIR_79-1910,
  author       = {McCaffrey, B.J.},
  title        = {{Purely Buoyant Diffusion Flames: Some Experimental Results}},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  year         = {1979},
  month        = {October},
  number       = {79-1910},
  type         = {NBSIR},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McCaffrey:1981,
  author       = {B.J. McCaffrey},
  title        = {{Some Measurements of the Radiative Power Output of Diffusion Flames}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute},
  year         = {1981},
  note         = {Paper WSS/CI 81-15}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:McCaffrey,
  author       = {McCaffrey, B.J.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Flame Height},
  publisher    = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1995},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@MISC{McDermott:NS2D,
  author       = {R. McDermott},
  title        = {A nontrivial analytical solution to the 2-d incompressible {N}avier-{S}tokes equations},
  year         = {2003},
  howpublished = {https://sites.google.com/site/randymcdermott/NS\_exact\_soln.pdf},
}

@UNPUBLISHED{McDermott:2004,
  author       = {R. McDermott},
  title        = {Variable density formulation of the dynamic Smagorinsky model},
  year         = {2004},
  note         = {Unpublished notes}
}

@CONFERENCE{McDermott:2007b,
  author       = {R. McDermott},
  title        = {Discrete kinetic energy conservation for variable-density flows on staggered grids},
  booktitle    = {60th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics},
  year         = {2007},
  month        = {November},
  address      = {Salt Lake City, Utah}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McDermott:2009,
  author       = {R. McDermott and G. Forney and C. Cruz and K. McGrattan},
  title        = {A second-order immersed boundary method with near-wall physics},
  booktitle    = {62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics},
  year         = {2009},
  address      = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McDermott:2010,
  author       = {R. McDermott and G. Forney and K. McGrattan and W. Mell},
  editor       = {J.C.F. Pereira and A. Sequeira},
  title        = {{Fire Dynamics Simulator 6: Complex Geometry, Embedded Meshes, and Quality Assessment}},
  booktitle    = {V European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics},
  year         = {2010},
  organization = {ECCOMAS},
  address      = {Lisbon, Portugal}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McDermott:2005b,
  author       = {R. McDermott and A. Kerstein and R. Schmidt and P. Smith},
  title        = {Characteristics of 1{D} spectra in finite-volume large-eddy simulations with one-dimensional turbulence subgrid closure},
  booktitle    = {58th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics},
  month        = {November},
  year         = {2005},
  address      = {Chicago, Illinois}
}

@ARTICLE{McDermott:2007,
  author       = {R. McDermott and S. B. Pope},
  title        = {A particle formulation for treating differential diffusion in filtered density function methods},
  year         = {2007},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume       = {226},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {947-993},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McDermott:2011,
  author       = {R. McDermott and K. McGrattan and J. Floyd},
  title        = {A Simple Reaction Time Scale for Under-Resolved Fire Dynamics},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium},
  address      = {University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA},
  year         = {2011},
  pages        = {809-820},
}

@TECHREPORT{McGrattan:HST,
  author       = {McGrattan, K. B. and Hamins, A.},
  title        = {{Numerical Simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel Fire, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2001}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {January},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6902},
  note         = {Joint Publication of NIST and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NUREG/CR-6793)},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{NIST_NCSTAR_1-5F,
  author       = {McGrattan, K. and Bouldin, C. and Forney, G.},
  title        = {{Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the
                  World Trade Center Disaster: Computer Simulation of the Fires in the
                  WTC Towers}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2005},
  month        = {September},
  type         = {NIST NCSTAR},
  number       = {1-5F},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@MISC{Email:1,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.},
  note         = {Private Communication},
}

@TECHREPORT{McGrattan:8,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.R. and Hamins, A.},
  title        = {{Thermal Radiation from Large Fires}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2000},
  month        = {November},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6546},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{McGrattan:4a,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.R. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Numerical Simulation of Smoke Plumes from Large Oil Fires}},
  journal      = {Atmospheric Environment},
  year         = {1996},
  volume       = {30},
  number       = {24},
  pages        = "4125-4136",
}

@ARTICLE{McGrattan:4,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.R. and Rehm, R.G.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of Smoke Movement}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1998},
  volume       = {30},
  pages        = {161-178},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McGrattan:IAFSS2002,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Floyd, J.E. and Forney, G.P. and
                  Baum, H.R. and Hostikka, S.},
  title        = {{Improved Radiation and Combustion Routines for a Large Eddy Simulation Fire Model}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {827-838},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@TECHREPORT{McGrattan:5,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Hamins, A. and Stroup, D.},
  title        = {{Sprinkler, Smoke \& Heat Vent, Draft Curtain Interaction ---
                  Large Scale Experiments and Model Development}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {1998},
  month        = {September},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6196-1},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{McGrattan:CF1996,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Kashiwagi, T. and Baum, H.R. and Olson, S.L.},
  title        = {{Effects of Ignition and Wind on the Transition to Flame Spread in a Microgravity Environment}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {106},
  pages        = {377-391},
  year         = {1996},
}

@ARTICLE{McGrattan:1,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{Fire-Driven Flows in Enclosures}},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  year         = {1994},
  volume       = {110},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {285-291},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McGrattan:3,
  author       = {McGrattan, K.B. and Stroup, D.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulations of Sprinkler, Vent and Draft Curtain
                  Performance}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 1st Fire Suppression and Detection Research Application Symposium},
  year         = {1997},
  month        = {February},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts},
  pages        = {59-68},
}

@ARTICLE{McGrattan:Metrologia,
  author       = {K. McGrattan and B. Toman},
  title        = {Quantifying the predictive uncertainty of complex numerical models},
  year         = {2011},
  journal      = {Metrologia},
  volume       = {48},
  pages        = {173-180}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{McGrattan:CI2017,
  author       = {K. McGrattan},
  title        = {{Progress in Modeling Wildland Fires using Computational Fluid Dynamics}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 10th U.S. National Combustion Meeting},
  year         = {2017},
  month        = {April},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}
}

@TECHREPORT{McGrattan:TN1984,
  author       = {K.B. McGrattan and M.J. Selepak and E.J. Hnetkovsky},
  title        = {{The Influence of Walls, Corners and Enclosures on Fire Plumes}},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {1984},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2018}
}

@TECHREPORT{OLIVE-Fire:2022,
  author       = {K. McGrattan and I. Leventon},
  title        = {{Oxygen-Limited Fires Inside Under-Ventilated Enclosures (OLIVE-Fire)}},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {2232},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  month        = {August},
  year         = {2022}
}

@TECHREPORT{McGrattan:Multiple_Transients_2020,
  author       = {K. McGrattan},
  title        = {{Heat Release Rates of Multiple Transient Combustibles}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2020},
  month        = {July},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {2102},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{mcgraw:1997,
  author       = {McGraw, R.},
  title        = {Description of aerosol dynamics by the quadrature method of moments},
  journal      = {Aerosol Science and Technology},
  volume       = {27},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {255-265},
  year         = {1997},
}

@ARTICLE{McKinnon:CF2013,
  author       = {M.B. McKinnon and S.I. Stoliarov and A. Witkowski},
  title        = {Development of a Pyrolysis Model for Corrugated Cardboard},
  year         = {2013},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {160},
  pages        = {2595-2607}
}

@ARTICLE{McKinnon:FISJ2021,
  author       = {M.B. McKinnon and C. Weinschenk},
  title        = {Validation of CFD fire model pressure predictions for modern residential style structures},
  year         = {2021},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {126},
  pages        = {103466}
}

@TECHREPORT{McKinnon:FSRI2023_Data,
  author       = {Mark McKinnon and Craig Weinschenk and N Dow and Matt DiDomizio and Daniel Madrzykowski},
  title        = {{Materials and Products Database (Version 1.0.0)}},
  institution  = {Fire Safety Research Institute, UL Research Institutes},
  year         = {2023},
  address      = {Columbia, MD 21045},
  note         = {Grant No. 2019-DU-BX-0018}
}

@TECHREPORT{McKinnon:FSRI2023_Tech,
  author       = {Mark McKinnon and Craig Weinschenk Daniel Madrzykowski},
  title        = {{Materials and Products Database - Technical Reference Guide}},
  institution  = {Fire Safety Research Institute, UL Research Institutes},
  year         = {2023},
  address      = {Columbia, MD 21045},
  note         = {Grant No. 2019-DU-BX-0018}
}

@TECHREPORT{McKinnon:FSRI2023_User,
  author       = {Mark McKinnon and Craig Weinschenk},
  title        = {{Materials and Products Database - User Guide}},
  institution  = {Fire Safety Research Institute, UL Research Institutes},
  year         = {2023},
  address      = {Columbia, MD 21045},
  note         = {Grant No. 2019-DU-BX-0018}
}

@TECHREPORT{Mealy:DoJ_HAI_Pool_Fires,
  author       = {C.L. Mealy and M.E. Benfer and D.T. Gottuk},
  title        = {{Fire Dynamics and Forensic Analysis of Liquid Fuel Fires}},
  institution  = {Hughes Associates, Inc.},
  year         = {2012},
  month        = {May},
  type         = {U.S. Department of Justice Document Number},
  number       = {238704},
  address      = {3610 Commerce Drive, Suite 817, Baltimore, Maryland, 21227},
  note         = {Grant No. 2008-DN-BX-K168}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mell:CS98,
  author       = {Mell, W. and Kashiwagi, T.},
  title        = {{Dimensional Effects on the Transition from Ignition to Flame Spread in Microgravity}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  pages        = {2635-2641},
  year         = {1998},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
}

@ARTICLE{Mell:2009,
  author       = {W. Mell and A. Maranghides and R. McDermott and S. Manzello},
  title        = {Numerical simulation and experiments of burning {Douglas} fir trees},
  year         = {2009},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {156},
  pages        = {2023-2041},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mell:1,
  author       = {Mell, W. and McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.},
  title        = {{Numerical Simulation of Combustion in Fire Plumes}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Sixth Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {1523-1530},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mell:CS00,
  author       = {Mell, W. and Olson, S.L. and Kashiwagi, T.},
  title        = {{Flame Spread Along Free Edges of Thermally-Thin Samples in
                  Microgravity}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  year         = {2000},
  pages        = {2843-2849},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
}

@ARTICLE{Mell:g-jitter,
  author       = {Mell, W.E. and McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{g-Jitter Effects on Spherical Diffusion Flames}},
  journal      = {Microgravity Science and Technology},
  volume       = {15},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {12-30},
  year         = {2004},
}

@TECHREPORT{Mell:LevelSet,
  author       = {Mell, W.E. and Bova, A. and Forney, G.P. and Rehm, R.G. and McDermott, R.},
  title        = {{Models for fire spread in the WUI}},
  type         = {{JFSP Final Report Project 07-1-5-08}},
  year         = {2013},
  month        = {April},
}

@ARTICLE{Mell:IJWF2007,
  author       = {W. Mell and M.A. Jenkins and J. Gould and P. Cheney},
  title        = {{A physics-based approach to modelling grassland fires}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  volume       = 16,
  number       = 1,
  pages        = {1-22},
  year         = 2007}

@INPROCEEDINGS{merci:2005,
  author       = {Merci, B. and Van Maele, K.},
  title        = {Influence of the turbulence model in numerical simulations of fire in a ventilated horizontal tunnel},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting},
  year         = {2005}
}

@MANUAL{Methanol,
  title        = {{Physical Properties of Pure Methanol}},
  organization = {Methanol Institute},
  note         = {http://www.methanol.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Physical-Properties-of-Pure-Methanol.pdf}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Meyrand,
  author       = {Meyrand, R.},
  title        = {\'{E}tude sur l'usage de brouillards d'eau en milieu tunnel - Travail en r\'{e}duction d'\'{e}chelle},
  year         = {2009},
  school       = {\'{E}cole Nationale Sup\'{e}rieure de M\'{e}canique et d'A\'{e}rotechnique},
  address      = {Poitiers, France},
}

@PROCEEDINGS{QLES,
  editor       = {Johan Meyers and Bernard Geurts and Pierre Sagaut},
  title        = {Quality and Reliability of Large-Eddy Simulations},
  year         = {2008},
  publisher    = {Springer},
}


@TECHREPORT{Plate_blowing,
  author       = {Mickely, H.S. and Ross, R.C. and Squyers, A.L.},
  title        = {{Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer for Flow Over a Flat Plate with Blowing or Suction}},
  institution  = {{National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{Technical Note 3208}},
  month        = {July},
  year         = {1954},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mniszewski:1,
  author       = {Mniszewski, K.},
  title        = {{The Use of FDS for Estimation of Flammable Gas/Vapor Concentrations}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 3rd Technical Symposium on Computer Applications in Fire Protection Engineering},
  year         = {2001},
  month        = {September},
  pages        = {143-155},
  organization = {Society for Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Moeng:1984,
  author       = {C.-H. Moeng},
  title        = {A large-eddy simulation model for the study of planetary boundary-layer turbulence},
  year         = {1084},
  journal      = {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  volume       = {41},
  pages        = {2052-2062},
}

@ARTICLE{Moin:1991,
  author       = {P. Moin and K. Squires and W. Cabot and S. Lee},
  title        = {A dynamic subgrid-scale model for compressible turbulence and scalar transport},
  year         = {1991},
  journal      = {Phys. Fluids A},
  volume       = {3},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {2746-2757},
}

@BOOK{Moin:2001,
  author       = {P. Moin},
  title        = {Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Moinuddin:2010,
  author       = {K. A. M. Moinuddin and J.-D. Li},
  title        = {A new convective heat transfer model for {F}ire {D}ynamics {S}imulator},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 13th Asian Congress on Fluid Mechanics},
  year         = {2010},
  address      = {Dhaka, Bangladesh},
}

@ARTICLE{Moinuddin:Polymers2015,
  author       = {K. Moinuddin and Q.S. Razzaque and A. Thomas},
  title        = {{Numerical Simulation of Coupled Pyrolysis and Combustion Reactions with Directly Measured Fire Properties}},
  year         = {2020},
  journal      = {Polymers},
  volume       = {12},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {2075},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092075}{https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092075}}
}

@ARTICLE{Moinuddin:FM2017,
  author       = {K. Moinuddin and T. Nguyen and H. Mahmud},
  title        = {{Designing an experimental rig for developing a fire severity model using numerical simulation}},
  year         = {2017},
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  number       = {7},
  pages        = {871-883},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2439}{https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2439}}
}

@ARTICLE{Moinuddin:FSJ2011,
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  title        = {{Rise in structural steel temperatures during ISO 9705 room fires}},
  year         = {2011},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {46},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {480-496},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.08.001}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.08.001}}
}

@ARTICLE{Moody:1944,
  author       = {L. F. Moody},
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  volume       = {66},
}

@ARTICLE{Moon:2014,
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    month={January},
    journal={Environmental Fluid Mechanics (on-line)}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Moore:1996,
  author       = {Moore, T.A. and Weitz, C.A. and Tapscott, R.E.},
  title        = {{An update on NMERI cup-burner test results}},
  booktitle    = {Halon Options Technical Working Conference},
  year         = {1996},
  address      = {New Mexico, USA}
}

@ARTICLE{Morinishi,
  author       = {Y. Morinishi and T. S. Lund and O. V. Vasilyev and P. Moin},
  title        = {Fully conservative high order finite difference schemes for incompressible flow},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume       = {143},
  pages        = {90-124},
  year         = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Morvan:CF2001,
  author       = {D. Morvan and J.L. Dupuy},
  title        = {{Modeling of fire spread through a forest fuel bed using a multiphase formulation}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = 127,
  number       = 1,
  pages        = {1981-1994},
  year         = 2001
}

@ARTICLE{Morvan:CF2004,
  author       = {D. Morvan and J.L. Dupuy},
  title        = {{Modeling the propagation of a wildfire through a Mediterranean shrub using a multiphase formulation}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = 138,
  number       = 3,
  pages        = {199-210},
  year         = 2004
}

@ARTICLE{Moser:1999,
  author       = {R. Moser and J. Kim and N. Mansour},
  title        = {{Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to Re$_\tau=590$}},
  journal      = {Phys. Fluids},
  volume       = {11},
  pages        = {943-945},
  year         = {1999},
}

@TECHREPORT{Mott:2001,
  author       = {Mott, David R and Oran, Elaine S},
  title        = {CHEMEQ2: A solver for the stiff ordinary differential equations of chemical kinetics},
  year         = {2001},
  institution  = {DTIC Document},
}


@ARTICLE{JLP:2009,
  author       = {Y. Mouilleau and A. Champassith},
  title        = {{CFD simulations of atmospheric gas dispersion using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)}},
  journal      = {Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries},
  note         = {published by Elsevier},
  volume       = {22},
  pages        = {316-323},
  year         = {2009},
}

@PHDTHESIS{Lechene,
  author       = {Lech\^{e}ne, S.},
  title        = {\'{E}tude exp\'{e}rimentale et num\'{e}rique des rideaux d'eau pour la protection contre le rayonnement thermique},
  year         = {2010},
  school       = {Universit\'{e} Henri Poincar\'{e}},
  address      = {Nancy, France},
}

@ARTICLE{Morvan:2000,
  author       = {Morvan, D. and Larini, M.},
  title        = {{Modeling of One Dimensional Fire Spread in Pine Needles with Opposing Air Flow}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {164},
  pages        = {37-64},
  year         = {2000},
}

@ARTICLE{Mudan:1984,
  author       = {K.S. Mudan},
  title        = {{Thermal Radiation Hazards from Hydrocarbon Pool Fires}},
  journal      = {Progress in Energy and Combustion Science},
  volume       = {10},
  pages        = {59-80},
  year         = {1984}
}

@INBOOK{Mudan:1,
  author       = {Mudan, K.S. and Croce, P.A.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Fire Hazard Calculations for Large Open Hydrocarbon Fires}},
  publisher    = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1995},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@ARTICLE{Mueller:TIPM2021,
  author       = {Mueller, Eric V. and Gallagher, Michael R. and Skowronski, Nicholas and Hadden, Rory M.},
  title        = {{Approaches to Modeling Bed Drag in Pine Forest Litter for Wildland Fire Applications}},
  journal      = {Transport in Porous Media},
  volume       = {138},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {637--660},
  year         = {2021},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01637-8}{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01637-8}}
}

@ARTICLE{Mukhopadhyay:1,
  author       = {Mukhopadhyay, A. and Puri, I.K.},
  title        = {{An Assessment of Stretch Effects on Flame Tip Using the Thin Flame and Thick Formulations}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {133},
  pages        = {499-502},
  year         = {2003},
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Mulholland,
  author       = {Mulholland, G.W.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Smoke Production and Properties},
  publisher    = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {2002},
  edition      = {3rd},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@ARTICLE{Mulholland:F+M,
  author       = {Mulholland, G.W. and Croarkin, C.},
  title        = {{Specific Extinction Coefficient of Flame Generated Smoke}},
  journal      = {Fire and Materials},
  volume       = {24},
  pages        = {227-230},
  year         = {2000},
}

@BOOK{MYO,
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  title        = {Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics},
  year         = {1990},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Murrel:1995,
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  booktitle    = {Proceedings of Halon Options Technical Working Conference 1995},
  publisher    = {The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque},
  pages        = {369-378},
  year         = {1995},
}

@ARTICLE{Murthy,
  author       = {Murthy, J.Y. and Mathur, S.R.},
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  pages        = {397-416},
  year         = {1998},
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@ARTICLE{Murthy:JResNIST2003,
  author       = {A.V. Murthy and I. Wetterlund and D.P. DeWitt},
  title        = {{Characterization of an Ellipsoidal Radiometer}},
  journal      = {Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  volume       = {108},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {115-124},
  month        = {March-April},
  year         = {2003}
}

@TECHREPORT{Musser:1,
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  title        = {{Evaluation of a Fast, Simplified Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Solving Room Airflow Problems}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2001},
  month        = {June},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6760},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Musser:2,
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  title        = {{Control of Diesel Exhaust Fumes in Enclosed Locomotive Facilities}},
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  year         = {2003},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura:CF2002,
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  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {130},
  pages        = {307-321},
  year         = {2002},
}

@TECHREPORT{NASA_TM_4513,
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  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},
  year         = {1993},
  type         = {NASA Technical Memorandum},
  number       = {4513},
  address      = {Cleveland, OH},
}

@TECHREPORT{NASA_TP_211556,
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  title        = {{NASA Glenn Coefficienes for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species}},
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},
  year         = {2002},
  month        = {September},
  type         = {NASA/TP},
  number       = {2002-211556},
  address      = {Cleveland, OH},
}

@TECHREPORT{NASA_TR_132,
  author       = {Svhela, R.},
  title        = {{Estimated Viscosities and Thermal Conductivity of Gases at High Temperatures}},
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},
  year         = {1962},
  type         = {NASA Technical Report},
  number       = {R-132},
  address      = {Cleveland, OH},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nedelka:1990,
  author       = {D. Nedelka and J. Moorhouse and R.F. Tucker},
  title        = {{The Montoir 35 m Diameter LNG Pool Fire Experiments}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of 9th International Congress and Exposition of Liquified Natural Gas, LNG9, Vol.~2},
  publisher    = {Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago},
  pages        = {1-23},
  year         = {1990}
}

@BOOK{Nievergelt:1999,
  author       = {Y. Nievergelt},
  title        = {Wavelets Made Easy},
  year         = {1999},
  publisher    = {Birkh\"auser},
}

@ARTICLE{Nicoud:1999,
  author       = {F. Nicoud and F. Ducros},
  title        = {{Subgrid-Scale Stress Modelling Based on the Square of the Velocity Gradient Tensor}},
  journal      = {Flow, Turbulence, and Combustion},
  volume       = {62},
  pages        = {183-200},
  year         = {1999}
}

@ARTICLE{Norton:1,
  author       = {Norton, T.S. and Smyth, K.C. and Miller, J.H. and Smooke, M.D.},
  title        = {{Comparison of Experimental and Computed Species Concentration and Temperature Profiles
                  in Laminar, Two-Dimensional Methane/Air Diffusion Flames}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {90},
  pages        = {1-34},
  year         = {1993}
}

@INBOOK{Notarianni:SFPE,
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  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Uncertainty},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@TECHREPORT{Nowlen:NUREG4681,
  author       = {Nowlen, S.P.},
  title        = {{Enclosure Environment Characterization Testing for the Baseline Validation of Computer Fire Simulation Codes}},
  institution  = {{Sandia National Laboratory}},
  address      = {Albuqueque, New Mexico},
  type         = {{NUREG/CR-4681 (SAND86-1296)}},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {1987},
  note         = {Work performed under contract to the US Nuclear Regulatory Agency, Washington DC.},
}

@TECHREPORT{CAROLFIRE,
  author       = {S.P. Nowlen and F.J. Wyant and K.B. McGrattan},
  title        = {{Cable Response to Live Fire (CAROLFIRE)}},
  institution  = {United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  year         = {2008},
  month        = {April},
  type         = {NUREG/CR},
  number       = {6931},
  address      = {Washington, DC}
}

@TECHREPORT{CHRISTIFIRE,
  author       = {K. McGrattan and A. Lock and N. Marsh and M. Nyden and S. Bareham and M. Price and A.B. Morgan and M. Galaska and K. Schenck and D. Stroup},
  title        = {{Cable Heat Release, Ignition, and Spread in Tray Installations During Fire (CHRISTIFIRE), Phase 1: Horizontal Trays}},
  institution  = {United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  year         = {2012},
  month        = {July},
  type         = {NUREG/CR},
  number       = {7010, Vol.~1},
  address      = {Washington, DC}
}

@ARTICLE{OGrady:CST,
  author       = {O'Grady, N. and Novozhilov, V.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulation of Sprinkler Interaction with a Fire Ceiling Jet}},
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  volume       = 181,
  number       = 7,
  pages        = {984-1006},
  year         = {2009}
}

@ARTICLE{OHern:2005,
  author       = {T. J. O'Hern and E. J. Weckman and A. L. Gerhart and S. R. Tieszen and R. W. Schefer},
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  volume       = {544},
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@ARTICLE{Oehlert:1992,
  author       = {Oehlert, G.},
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  year         = {1992},
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@TECHREPORT{Ohlemiller:1,
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  title        = {{Material Flammability Test Assessment for Space Station Freedom}},
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  year         = {1991},
  month        = {June},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {4591},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Olenick:2,
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  title        = {{An Updated International Survey of Computer Models for Fire and Smoke}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {13},
  pages        = {87-110},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {May},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Olenick:1,
  author       = {Olenick, S. and Klassen, M. and Roby, R.J.},
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  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 3rd Technical Symposium on Computer Applications in Fire Protection Engineering},
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  month        = {September},
  publisher    = {Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, Maryland},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Oleszkiewicz:ASME,
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}

@ARTICLE{Oleszkiewicz:FireTech,
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  pages        = {357-375},
  number       = {4}
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@MASTERSTHESIS{Opert:Masters,
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  title        = {{Assessment of Natural Vertical Ventilation for Smoke and Hot Gas Layer Control in a Residential Scale Structure}},
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  year         = {2012},
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}

@BOOK{Oran:1,
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}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Orloff:19th_Symposium,
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  year         = {1982},
  pages        = {885-895},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Overholt:1,
  author       = {K.J. Overholt and O.A. Ezekoye},
  title        = {{An Inverse Fire Modeling Methodology for the Determination of Fire Size, Fire Location, and Soot Deposition in a Compartment}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of 2012 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition},
  organization = {American Society of Mechanical Engineering},
  note         = {IMECE2012-88924},
  month        = {November},
  year         = {2012}
}

@BOOK{ASHRAE,
  author       = {Owen, M.S.},
  title        = {2009 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals},
  publisher    = {American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.},
  address      = {Atlanta, GA},
  year         = {2009}
}

@ARTICLE{Oztekin:CF2012,
  author       = {E.S. Oztekin and S.B. Crowley S.B. and R.E. Lyon and S.I. Stoliarov and P. Patel and T.R. Hull},
  title        = {{Sources of Variability in Fire Test Data: A Case Study on Poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK)}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  year         = {2012},
  volume       = {159},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1720-1731}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Oztekin:FM2012,
  author       = {E.S. Oztekin and D. Blake and R. Lyon},
  title        = {{Numerical simulations of a small fire in an aircraft cargo compartment}},
  booktitle    = {FM Global Open Source CFD Fire Modeling Workshop},
  address      = {Norwood, MA},
  month        = {May 10},
  year         = {2012}
}

@BOOK{Panton:1,
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  title        = {Incompressible Flow},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  address      = {New Jersey},
  year         = {2005},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Panjwani:2010,
  author       = {B. Panjwani and I. Ertesv\r{a}g and K. E. Rian and A. Gruber},
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  booktitle    = {V European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics},
  year         = {2010},
  month        = {14-17 June},
  organization = {ECCOMAS},
  address      = {Lisbon, Portugal},
  editor       = {J. C. F. Pereira and A Sequeira},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Park:2012,
  author       = {H.W. Park and K. Moon and E. Oztekin and R. McDermott and C. Lee and J.-I. Choi},
  title        = {{Near-Wall Modeling for Large Eddy Simulation of Convective Heat Transfer in Turbulent Boundary Layers}},
  booktitle    = {65th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics},
  organization = {American Physical Society},
  address      = {San Diego, CA},
  month        = {November 18-20},
  year         = {2012}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Parker:1989,
  author       = {W.J. Parker},
  title        = {{Prediction of the Heat Release Rate of Douglas Fir}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium},
  organization = {International Association of Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {1989}
}

@BOOK{Patankar:1,
  author       = {Patankar, S.V.},
  title        = {Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow},
  publisher    = {Hemisphere Publishing},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {1980},
}

@article{Paudel:2021,
  author      = {D. Paudel and A. Rinta-Paavola and H.P. Mattila and S. Hostikka},
  title       = {{Multiphysics modelling of stone wool fire resistance}},
  volume      = {57},
  journal     = {Fire Technology},
  year        = {2021},
  pages       = {1283-1312},
}

@TECHREPORT{Peacock:NBS_Multi-Room,
  author       = {Peacock, R.D. and Davis, S. and Lee, W.T.},
  title        = {{An Experimental Data Set for the Accuracy Assessment of Room Fire Models}},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  year         = {1988},
  month        = {April},
  number       = {88-3752},
  type         = {NBSIR},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@techreport{CFAST_Tech_Guide_6,
        Address = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
        Author = {Peacock, R. D. and Forney, G. P. and Reneke, P. A.},
        Date-Added = {2008-02-21 09:34:21 -0500},
        Date-Modified = {2011-06-30 09:34:15 -0400},
        Institution = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
        Month = {July},
        Number = {1026},
        Title = {{CFAST} -- {Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6): Technical Reference Guide}},
        Type = {Special Publication},
        Year = 2011}

@ARTICLE{Peacock:FSJ1999,
  author       = {R.D. Peacock and P.A. Reneke and W.D. Davis and W.W. Jones},
  title        = {{Quantifying fire model evaluation using functional analysis}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {33},
  pages        = {167-184},
  year         = {1999},
}

@ARTICLE{Perez-Ramirez:FT2017,
  title        = {{Examination of WFDS in Modeling Spreading Fires in a Furniture Calorimeter}},
  author       = {Y. Perez-Ramirez and P.A. Santoni and J.B. Tramoni and F. Bosseur and W.E. Mell},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {53},
  pages        = {1795-1832},
  year         = {2017},
  publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media New York}
}

@article{Perot:1993,
  title        = "An Analysis of the Fractional Step Method ",
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  volume       = "108",
  number       = "1",
  pages        = "51 - 58",
  year         = "1993",
  author       = "J.Blair Perot"
}

@TECHREPORT{Persson:1,
  author       = {Persson, B. and Ingason, H.},
  title        = {{Modelling of Interaction between Sprinklers and Fire Vents -- Present knowledge}},
  institution  = {Swedish National Testing and Research Institute (SP)},
  year         = {1996},
  note         = "SP Report 1996:32",
}

@TECHREPORT{Petterson:2,
  author       = {Petterson, N.},
  title        = {{Assessing the Feasibility of Reducing the Grid Resolution in {FDS} Field Modeling}},
  institution  = {University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2002},
}

@TECHREPORT{Petterson:1,
  author       = {Petterson, N.M.},
  title        = {{Assessing the Feasibility of Reducing the Grid Resolution in {FDS} Field Modeling}},
  institution  = {University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand},
  type         = {Fire Engineering Research Report},
  number       = {2002/6},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2002},
}

@BOOK{Peyret:1,
  author       = {Peyret, R. and Taylor, T.D.},
  title        = {Computational Methods for Fluid Flow},
  publisher    = {Springer-Verlag},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {1983},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Piergiorgio:1,
  author       = {Piergiorgio, A. and Giuseppe, D. and Dino, F. and Zappellini, G. and Ferrari, A.},
  title        = {{CFD Simulations of a Truck Fire in the Underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 5th Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering},
  month        = {May},
  organization = {Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica (AIDIC)},
  volume       = {5},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  series       = {AIDIC Conference Series},
  note         = {Papers presented at ICeaP-5, Florence, Italy, May 20-23, 2001},
  year         = {2002}
}

@ARTICLE{Piomelli:1991,
  author       = {U. Piomelli and W.H. Cabot and P. Moin and S. Lee},
  title        = {{Subgrid-scale backscatter in turbulent and transitional flows }},
  journal      = {Physics of Fluids A},
  year         = {1991},
  volume       = {3},
  number       = 7,
  pages        = {1766-1771}
}

@ARTICLE{Pitts:1995,
  author       = {Pitts, W.M.},
  title        = {{The Global Equivalence Ratio Concept and the Formation
                  Mechanisms of Carbon Monoxide in Enclosure Fires}},
  journal      = {Progress in Energy and Combustion Science},
  year         = {1995},
  volume       = {21},
  pages        = {197-237},
}

@TECHREPORT{Pitts:2011,
  author       = {W.M. Pitts and J.C. Yang and M.G. Fernandez},
  title        = {{Experimental Characterization of Helium Dispersion in a 1/4-Scale Two-Car Residential Garage}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2011},
  month        = {March},
  type         = {{NIST Technical Note 1694}},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Pohlhausen:1921,
  author       = {E. Pohlhausen},
  title        = {{Zur naherungsweisen Integration der Differentialgleichung der Grenzschicht.}},
  journal      = {Z. Agnew. Math. Mech.},
  year         = {1921},
  volume       = {1},
  pages        = {115}
}

@BOOK{Poinsot:TNC,
  author       = {T. Poinsot and D. Veynante},
  title        = {{Theoretical and Numerical Combustion}},
  edition      = {2nd},
  publisher    = {R.T. Edwards, Inc.},
  address      = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2005}
}

@BOOK{Poling:1,
  author       = {Poling, B.E. and Prausnitz, J.M. and O'Connell, J.P.},
  title        = {The Properties of Gases and Liquids},
  edition      = {5th},
  publisher    = {McGraw-Hill},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {2000},
}

@ARTICLE{Pope:2004,
  author       = {Pope, S.B.},
  title        = {{Ten questions concerning the large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows}},
  journal      = {New Journal of Physics},
  year         = {2004},
  volume       = {6},
  pages        = {1-24}
}

@BOOK{Pope:2000,
  author       = {Stephen B. Pope},
  title        = {Turbulent Flows},
  year         = {2000},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@ARTICLE{Porterie:2000PhysFluids,
  author       = {B. Porterie and D. Morvan and J.C. Loraud and M. Larini},
  title        = {{Firespread through fuel beds: Modeling of wind-aided fires and induced hydrodynamics}},
  journal      = {Physics of Fluids},
  volume       = {12},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1762-1782},
  year         = {2000},
  month        = {July}
}

@ARTICLE{Porterie:2006,
  author       = {Porterie, B. and Consalvi, J.L. and Kaiss, A. and Loraud, J.C.},
  title        = {{Predicting Wildland Fire Behavior and Emissions Using a Fine-Scale Physical Model}},
  journal      = {Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A},
  volume       = {47},
  pages        = {571-591},
  year         = {2005}
}

@ARTICLE{Prasad:1,
  author       = {Prasad, K. and Li, C. and Kailasanath, K. and Ndubizu, C.
                  and Ananth, R. and Tatem, P.A.},
  title        = {{Numerical modelling of methanol liquid pool fires}},
  journal      = {Combustion Theory and Modelling},
  volume       = {3},
  pages        = {743-768},
  year         = {1999}
}

@ARTICLE{Pretrel:FSJ2017,
  author       = {H. Pr\'{e}trel},
  title        = {{Interaction between water spray and smoke in a fire event in a confined and mechanically ventilated enclosure}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {91},
  pages        = {336-346},
  year         = {2017},
  note         = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.025}{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.025}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Prasad:CS2002,
  author       = {Prasad, K. and Nakamura, Y. and Olson, S.L. and Fujita, O. and Nishizawa, K. and Ito, K. and Kashiwagi, T.},
  title        = {{Effect of Wind Velocity on Flame Spread in Microgravity}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {2553-2560},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}
}

@ARTICLE{Puri:1,
  author       = {Puri, I.K. and Seshadri, K.},
  title        = {{Extinction of Diffusion Flames Burning Diluted Methane and
                  Diluted Propane in Diluted Air}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {65},
  pages        = {137-150},
  year         = {1986},
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Purser,
  author       = {Purser, D.A.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Combustion Toxicity},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{IAFSS:Purser,
  author       = {D. Purser and J. Purser},
  title        = {{HCN Yields and Fate of Fuel Nitrogen for Materials under Different Combustion Conditions in the ISO 19700 Tube Furnace and Large-scale Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium},
  year         = {2008},
  pages        = {1117-1128},
  publisher    = "International Association of Fire Safety Science",
}

@ARTICLE{Prahl:1,
  title        = {On the interaction between two fixed spherical particles},
  author       = {Prahl, L and Holzer, A and Arlov, D and Revstedt, J and Sommerfeld, M and Fuchs, L},
  journal      = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {707-725},
  volume       = {33},
  year         = {2007}
}


@article{Prahl:2,
  title    = {Interaction between two spheres placed in tandem arrangement in steady and pulsating flow},
  author   = {L. Prahl and A. Jadoon and J. Revstedt},
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  pages    = {963-969},
  volume   = {35},
  year     = {2009}
}


@TECHREPORT{Putorti:1,
  author       = {Putorti, A.D. and Belsinger, T.D. and Twilley, W.H.},
  title        = {{Determination of Water Spray Drop Size and Velocity from a
                  Low Pressure, High Momentum Water Mist Nozzle}},
  year         = {1995},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  number       = {FR 4000},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Putorti:2015,
  author       = {A. Putorti and N. Melly and S. Bareham and J. Praydis},
  title        = {{Characterizing the Thermal Effects of High Energy Arc Faults}},
  booktitle    = {23rd International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 23)-–-14th International Post-Conference Seminar on Fire Safety in Nuclear Power Plants and Installations},
  year         = {2015},
  pages        = {125-137},
  editor       = {M. R\:{o}wekamp},
  number       = {GRS-A-3845},
  month        = {December},
  organization = {Gesellschaft f\:{u}r Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS)},
  note         = {\href{http://www.grs.de/en/publications/grs-a-3845}{http://www.grs.de/en/publications/grs-a-3845}}
}

@ARTICLE{Quintiere:1,
  author       = {Quintiere, J.},
  title        = {{A Perspective on Compartment Fire Growth}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {39},
  pages        = {11-54},
  year         = {1984},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Quintiere:3,
  author       = {Quintiere, J. and Rangwala, A.S.},
  title        = {{A Theory for Flame Extinction Based on Flame Temperature}},
  booktitle    = {Fire and Materials 2003, 8th International Conference},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications},
  year         = {2003},
}

@BOOK{Quintiere:2,
  author       = {Quintiere, J.G.},
  title        = {Principles of Fire Behavior},
  publisher    = {Delmar Publishers},
  address      = {Albany, New York},
  year         = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Quintiere:FM2016,
  author       = {J.G. Quintiere and R.E. Lyon and S.B. Crowley},
  title        = {{An exercise in obtaining flame radiation fraction from the cone calorimeter}},
  journal      = {Fire and Materials},
  volume       = {40},
  pages        = {861-872},
  year         = {2016}
}

@ARTICLE{Raithby,
  author       = {Raithby, G.D. and Chui, E.H.},
  title        = {{A Finite-Volume Method for Predicting
                  Radiant Heat Transfer in Enclosures with Participating Media}},
  journal      = {Journal of Heat Transfer},
  volume       = {112},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {415-423},
  year         = {1990},
}

@ARTICLE{Ralph:1,
  author       = {Ralph, B. and Carvel, R.},
  title        = {Coupled hybrid modelling in fire safety engineering; a literature review},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {100},
  pages        = {157 - 170},
  year         = {2018},
  issn         = {0379-7112},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.08.008},
  url          = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711217303028},
}

@ARTICLE{Ralph:2,
  author       = {Ralph, B. and Mofidi, N.},
  title        = {Operation point fan model - a new evaluated approach for atypical pressure conditions in buildings},
  journal      = {Buiding and Environment},
  volume       = {186},
  year         = {2020},
  issn         = {0360-1323},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107321},
  url          = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132320306909},
}

@ARTICLE{Ralph:3,
  author       = {Ralph, B. and Carvel, R. and Floyd, J.},
  title        = {Coupled hybrid modelling within the Fire Dynamics Simulator: transient transport and mass storage},
  journal      = {Journal of Building Performance Simulation},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2019},
  pages        = {685-699},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2019.1608304},
  url          = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19401493.2019.1608304},
}

@ARTICLE{Raman:CF,
  author       = {Raman, V. and Pitsch, H. and Fox, R.O.},
  title        = {{Hybrid large-eddy simulation/Lagrangian filtered-density-function approach for simulating turbulent combustion}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  year         = {2005},
  volume       = {143},
  pages        = {56-78},
}

@TECHREPORT{Ramesh:TN2054,
  author       = {S. Ramesh and L. Choe and M. Seif and M. Hoehler and A. Sauca and W. Grosshandler and M. Bundy and Y. Bao and M. Klegseth and G. Chen and J. Reilly and B. Glisic},
  title        = {{Compartment Fire Experiments of Long-Span Composite-Beams with Simple Shear Connections, Part I: Experiment Design and Behavior at Ambient Temperature}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2019},
  month        = {October},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {2054},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{Ana:TN2070,
  author       = {A. Sauca and C. Zhang and W. Grosshandler and L. Choe and M. Bundy},
  title        = {{Development of a Standard Fire Condition for a Large Compartment Floor Assembly}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2019},
  month        = {October},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  number       = {2070},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Ramirez:1,
  title        = {Hydrodynamic force on interactive spherical particles due to the wake effect},
  author       = {Ram\'{i}rez-Mu\~{n}oz, J. and Soria, A. and Salinas-Rodr\'{i}guez, E.},
  journal      = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
  volume       = {33},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {802-807},
  year         = {2007},
  publisher    = {Elsevier}
}


@ARTICLE{Ravigururajan:1,
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  title        = {{A Model for Attenuation of Fire Radiation Through Water Droplets}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  year         = {1989},
  volume       = {15},
  pages        = {171-181},
}

@TECHREPORT{LES:4,
  author       = {Rehm, R. and McGrattan, K. and Baum, H. and Simiu, E.},
  title        = {{An Efficient Large Eddy Simulation Algorithm for Computational Wind Engineering: Application to Surface Pressure Computations on a Single Building}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {1999},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6371},
  month        = {August},
}

@ARTICLE{Rehm:ANM85,
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  title        = {{Finite Difference Calculations of Buoyant Convection in
                  an Enclosure: Verification of the Nonlinear Algorithm}},
  journal      = {Applied Numerical Mathematics},
  volume       = {1},
  pages        = {515-529},
  year         = {1985},
}

@ARTICLE{Rehm:1,
  author       = {Rehm, R.G. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{The Equations of Motion for Thermally Driven, Buoyant Flows}},
  journal      = {Journal of Research of the NBS},
  volume       = {83},
  pages        = {297-308},
  year         = {1978},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rehm:IAFSS3,
  author       = {Rehm, R.G. and Baum, H.R. and Lozier, D.W. and Tang, H. and Sims, J.},
  title        = {{Buoyant Convection in an Inclined Enclosure}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Third International Symposium},
  year         = {1991},
  pages        = {313-323},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@TECHREPORT{Rehm:LevelSet,
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  title        = {{Fire-Front Propagation Using the Level Set Method}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2009},
  month        = {April},
  type         = {NISTTN},
  number       = {1611},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rehm:IAFSS5,
  author       = {Rehm, R.G. and McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.R. and Cassel, K.W.},
  title        = {{Transport by Gravity Currents in Building Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium},
  year         = {1997},
  pages        = {391-402},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@ARTICLE{Rehm:WS02,
  author       = {Rehm, R.G. and McGrattan, K.B. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulation of Flow over a Wooded Building Complex}},
  journal      = {Wind \& Structures},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2002},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {291-300},
}

@BOOK{Reid:1,
  author       = {Reid, R.C. and Prausnitz, J.M. and Poling, B.E.},
  title        = {Properties of Gases and Liquids},
  edition      = {4th},
  publisher    = {McGraw-Hill},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {1987},
}

@BOOK{Rein:Dalmarnock,
  editor       = {Rein, G. and Abecassis Empis, C. and Carvel, R.},
  title        = {{The Dalmarnock Fire Tests: Experiments and Modelling}},
  publisher    = {University of Edinburgh},
  year         = {2007},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rein:Interflam2004,
  author       = {Rein, G. and Bar-Ilan, A. and Alvares, N. and Fernandez-Pello, A.C.},
  title        = {{Estimating the Performance of Enclosure Fire Models by Correlating Forensic Evidence of Accidental Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {2004},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications, London},
  vol          = {2},
  pages        = {1183-1194},
}

@ARTICLE{Rein:FSJ,
  author       = {G. Rein and J.L. Torero and W. Jahn and J. Stern-Gottfried and N.L. Ryder and S. Desanghere and
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  title        = {{Round-Robin Study of a priori Modelling Predictions of The Dalmarnock Fire Test One}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {44},
  number       = 4,
  year         = {2009},
  pages        = {590-602},
  note         = {\href{http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2704}{http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2704}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ren:CS2018,
  author       = {N. Ren and D. Zeng and K.V. Meredith and Y. Wang and S.B. Dorofeev},
  title        = {{Modeling of flame extinction/re-ignition in oxygen-reduced environments}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
  year         = {2018},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.076}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.076}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ren:IAFSS2020,
  author       = {X. Ren and D. Zeng and Y. Wang and G. Xiong and G. Agarwal and M. Gollner},
  title        = {{Temperature measurement of a turbulent buoyant ethylene diffusion flame using a dual-thermocouple technique}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  publisher    = {International Association of Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {2020}
}

@TECHREPORT{Restivo:1979,
  author       = {Restivo, A.},
  title        = {{Turbulent Flow in Ventilated Rooms}},
  institution  = {University of London, Department of Mechanical Engineering},
  year         = {1979}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Riahi:2011,
  author       = {S. Riahi},
  title        = {{New Tools for Smoke Residue and Deposition Analysis}},
  year         = {2011},
  school       = {The George Washington University},
  address      = {Washington, DC}
}

@ARTICLE{Richards:1990,
  author       = {G.D. Richards},
  title        = {{An elliptical growth model of forest fire fronts and its numerical solution}},
  journal      = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering},
  volume       = {30},
  year         = {1990},
  pages        = {1163-1179}
}

@ARTICLE{Rinta-Paavola:2023,
        author      = {A. Rinta-Paavola and D. Sukhomlinov and S. Hostikka},
        title       = {{Modelling Charring and Burning of Spruce and Pine Woods During Pyrolysis, Smoldering and Flaming}},
        journal     = {Fire Technology},
        volume      = {59},
        number      = {5},
        pages       = {2751-2786},
        year        = {2023},
}

@MISC{RISE:Fire_Database,
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  Title = {{RISE Fire DataBase}},
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  Year = {2005}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ritchie:1,
  author       = {Ritchie, S.J. and Steckler, K.D. and Hamins, A. and Cleary, T.G.  and Yang, J.C. and Kashiwagi, T.},
  title        = {{The Effect of Sample Size on the Heat Release Rate of Charring Materials}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium},
  year         = {1997},
  organization = {International Association For Fire Safety Science},
  pages        = {177-188},
}

@TECHREPORT{CSE_GCR,
  author       = {Roby, R.J. and Olenick, S.J. and Zhang, W. and Carpenter, D.J. and Klassen, M.S. and Torero, J.L.},
  title        = {{A Smoke Detector Algorithm for Large Eddy Simulation Modeling}},
  year         = {2007},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  type         = {NIST GCR},
  number       = {07-911},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Roe:1986,
  author       = {P.L. Roe},
  title        = {Characteristics-based schemes for the Euler equations},
  year         = {1986},
  journal      = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
  volume       = {18},
  pages        = {337},
}

@TECHREPORT{Rothermel:1972,
  author       = {R.C. Rothermel},
  title        = {{A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fuels}},
  month        = {January},
  year         = 1972,
  institution  = {Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service},
  type         = {Research Paper},
  number       = {INT-115},
  address      = {Ogden, Utah},
  note         = {\href{http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/32533}{http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/32533}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ruffino:2,
  author       = {Ruffino, P. and di Marzo, M.},
  title        = {{The Effect of Evaporative Cooling on the Activation Time of Fire Sprinklers}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {481-492},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@ARTICLE{Ruffino:1,
  author       = {Ruffino, P. and di Marzo, M.},
  title        = {{Temperature and Volumetric Fraction Measurements in a Hot Gas Laden with Water Droplets}},
  month        = {April},
  year         = {2003},
  volume       = {125},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {356-364},
  journal      = {Journal of Heat Transfer},
}

@BOOK{Sagaut:2001,
  author       = {Pierre Sagaut},
  title        = {Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = {Springer},
}

@ARTICLE{Sazhin:JHT2004a,
  author       = {Sazhin, S.S. and Abdelghaffar, W.A. and Sazhina, E.M. and Mikhalovsky, S.V. and Meikle, S.T. and Bai, C.},
  title        = {Radiative heating of semi-transparent diesel fuel droplets},
  year         = {2004},
  journal      = {Journal of Heat Transfer},
  volume       = {126},
  pages        = {105},
}

@ARTICLE{Sazhin:IJHMT2004b,
  author       = {Sazhin, S.S. and Krutitskii, P.A. and Abdelghaffar, W.A. and Sazhina, E.M. and Mikhalovsky, S.V. and
                Meikle, S.T. and Heikal, M.R.},
  title        = {Transient heating of diesel fuel droplets},
  year         = {2004},
  journal      = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  number       = {14-16},
  volume       = {47},
  pages        = {3327-3340},
}

@ARTICLE{Sazhin:2006,
  author       = {Sazhin, S.S.},
  title        = {Advanced models of fuel droplet heating and evaporation},
  year         = {2006},
  journal      = {Progress in Energy and Combustion Science},
  volume       = {32},
  pages        = {162-214},
}

@TECHREPORT{Schoenberg:2004,
  author       = {P. von Schoenberg},
  title        = {{Development of a Large-Eddy Simulation code for the atmospheric boundary layer}},
  institution  = {Swedish Defense Research Agency},
  year         = {2004},
  type         = {{FOI-R--1533--SE}}
}

@BOOK{Schlichting:1,
  author       = {H. Schlichting},
  title        = {Boundary Layer Theory},
  year         = {1979},
  publisher    = {McGraw-Hill},
  address      = {New York},
  edition      = {7th}
}

@ARTICLE{Schneider:2010,
  author       = {K. Schneider and O. Vasilyev},
  title        = {Wavelet Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics},
  year         = {2010},
  journal      = {Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
  volume       = {42},
  pages        = {473-503},
}

@TECHREPORT{Schneider:2000,
  author       = {Schneider, U.},
  title        = {{The Behavior of Concrete at High Temperature}},
  institution  = {{Vienna University of Technology}},
  address      = {Vienna, Austria},
  year         = {2000},
  type         = {{Institute for Building Materials, Building Physics and Fire Protection, Vol.~9}},
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Segelstein:1,
  author       = {Segelstein, D.},
  title        = {{The Complex Refractive Index of Water}},
  year         = {1981},
  school       = {University of Missouri, Kansas City},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Semmes:IAFSS11,
  author       = {Semmes, M.R. and Liu, X. and McKinnon, M.B. and Stoliarov, S.I. and Witkowski, A.},
  title        = {{A Model for Oxidataive Pyrolysis of Corrugated Cardboard}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium},
  address      = {University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand},
  year         = {2014},
  note         = {Accepted}
}

@MANUAL{SFPE_S.02,
  title        = {{SFPE Standard S.02 -- Calculation Methods to Predict the Thermal Performance of Structures \& Fire Resistive Assemblies}},
  organization = {Society of Fire Protection Engineers},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  year         = {2007}
}

@ARTICLE{Sarwar:2013,
    author={M. Sarwar and K. A. M. Moinuddin and G. R. Thorpe},
    title={Large Eddy Simulation of Flow over a Backward Facing Step using {Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)}},
    journal={Fourteenth Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics},
    pages={469-474},
    year={2013},
    month={October},
}

@MISC{CHP,
  author       = {Shelton, T.},
  title        = {{California Highway Patrol (CHP) Multidisciplinary Accident
                  Investigation Team (MAIT) Report Documenting the Caldecott Tunnel Disaster
                  of April 7, 1982}},
  howpublished = {NCIC 9370},
  month        = {April},
  year         = {1982},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sheppard:3,
  author       = {Sheppard, D. and Widmann, J.F. and Lueptow, R.M.},
  title        = {{Non-Intrusive Measurements in Fire Sprinkler Sprays Using
                  Phase Doppler Interferometry and Particle Image Velocimetry}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fire Suppression and Detection Research Application Symposium},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = {The Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@TECHREPORT{Sheppard:2,
  author       = {Sheppard, D.T.},
  title        = {{International Fire Sprinkler, Heat \& Smoke Vent, Draft Curtain
                  Fire Test Project -- Test Report}},
  institution  = {Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, Illinois},
  note         = {NC987-96NK37863},
  year         = {1998},
}

@TECHREPORT{Sheppard:Corridors,
  author       = {Sheppard, D.T. and Klein, B.W.},
  title        = {{Burn Tests in Two Story Structure with Hallways}},
  institution  = {ATF Laboratories, Ammendale, Maryland},
  year         = {2009}
}

@TECHREPORT{Sheppard:1,
  author       = {Sheppard, D.T. and Steppan, D.R.},
  title        = {{Sprinkler, Heat \& Smoke Vent, Draft Curtain Project -- Phase 1 Scoping Tests}},
  institution  = {Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, Illinois},
  month        = {May},
  year         = {1997}
}

@MANUAL{SFPE_G.06,
  title        = {{SFPE G.06, Guidelines for Substantiating a Fire Model for a Given Application}},
  organization = {Society of Fire Protection Engineers},
  year         = {2011},
  address      = {Bethesda, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Shi:BE2016,
    author={L. Shi and G. Zhang},
    title={{An empirical model to predict the performance of typical solar chimneys considering both room and cavity configurations}},
    journal={Building and Environment},
    pages={250-261},
    year={2016},
    volume={103}
}

@ARTICLE{Shunn:2012,
  author       = {L. Shunn and F. Ham and P. Moin},
  title        = {Verification of variable-density flow solvers using manufactured solutions},
  year         = {2012},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume       = {231},
  pages        = {3801-3827},
}
  note         = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2012.01.027}{doi}}

@BOOK{Siegel:1,
  author       = {Siegel, R. and  Howell, J. R.},
  title        = {Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer},
  publisher    = {Taylor \& Francis},
  edition      = {4th},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {2002}
}

@ARTICLE{Sikanen:2016,
  author       = {T. Sikanen and S. Hostikka},
  title        = {{Modeling and simulation of liquid pool fires with in-depth radiation absorption and heat transfer}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = 80,
  pages        = {95-109},
  year         = 2016
}

@ARTICLE{Simms:1963,
  author       = {D.L. Simms and J.E. Coiley},
  title        = {{Some radiation characteristics of a gas-fired panel}},
  journal      = {British Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume       = 14,
  pages        = {292-294},
  year         = 1963
}

@PHDTHESIS{Sippola:2002,
  author       = {M. Sippola},
  title        = {{Particle Deposition in Ventilation Ducts}},
  year         = {2002},
  school       = {University of California, Berkeley},
  address      = {Berkeley, California}
}

@ARTICLE{Sippola:2010,
  author       = {M. Sippola and Nazaroff, W.W.},
  title        = {{Experiments Measuring Particle Deposition from Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Ventilation Ducts}},
  journal      = {Aerosol Science and Technology},
  year         = {2010},
  volume       = {38},
  pages        = {914-925}
}

@INBOOK{Siu:1992,
  author       = {Siu, N. and Karydas, D. and Temple, J.},
  chapter      = {{Bayesian Assessment of Modeling Uncertainty: Application to Fire Risk Assessment}},
  title        = {{Analysis and Management of Uncertainty: Theory and Application}},
  publisher    = {North-Holland},
  year         = {1992},
  pages        = {351-361}
}

@ARTICLE{Siu:RE1982,
  author       = {Siu, N.O. and Apostolakis, G.E.},
  title        = {{Probabilistic Models for Cable Tray Fires}},
  journal      = {Reliability Engineering},
  year         = {1982},
  volume       = {3},
  pages        = {213-227}
}

@TECHREPORT{Sjostrom:AST,
  author       = {J. Sj\"{o}str\"{o}m and A. Bystr\"{o}m and U. Wickstr\"{o}m},
  title        = {{Large scale test on thermal exposure to steel column exposed to pool fires}},
  number       = {2012:04},
  institution  = {SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden},
  year         = {2012},
  address      = {Bor\r{a}s, Sweden},
  note         = {ISBN: 978-91-87017-21-6}
}

@TECHREPORT{Sjostrom:SP2016,
  author       = {J. Sj\"{o}str\"{o}m and U. Wickstr\"{o}m and A. Bystr\"{o}m},
  title        = {{Validation data for room fire models: Experimental background}},
  number       = {2016:54},
  institution  = {SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden},
  year         = {2016},
  address      = {Bor\r{a}s, Sweden},
  note         = {ISBN: 978-91-88349-56-9}
}

@ARTICLE{Slowik:AST2004,
  author       = {J.G. Slowik and K. Stainken and P. Davidovits and L.R. Williams and J.T. Jayne and C.E. Kolb and D.R. Worsnop and Y. Rudich and P.F. DeCarlo and J.L. Jimenez},
  title        = {{Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 2: Application to Combustion-Generated Soot Aerosols as a Function of Fuel Equivalence Ratio}},
  journal      = {Aerosol Science and Technology},
  volume       = {38},
  pages        = {1206-1222},
  year         = {2004}
}

@ARTICLE{Smagorinsky:1,
  author       = {Smagorinsky, J.},
  title        = {{General Circulation
                  Experiments with the Primitive Equations. I. The Basic Experiment}},
  journal      = {Monthly Weather Review},
  volume       = {91},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {99-164},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {1963}
}

@ARTICLE{Smyth:1,
  author       = {Smyth, K.C.},
  title        = {{NO Production and Destruction in a Methane/Air Diffusion Flame}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {115},
  pages        = {151--176},
  year         = {1996},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Snegirev:1,
  author       = {A. Snegirev and V. Talavov and I. Sheinman and S. Sazhin},
  title        = {{An enhanced spray model for flame suppression simulations}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting},
  year         = {2011},
  publisher    = {Combustion Institute},
}

@BOOK{Spalding:1,
  author       = {Spalding, D.B.},
  title        = {{Convective Mass Transfer: An Introduction}},
  publisher    = {Eward Arnold},
  address      = {London},
  year         = {1963}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Spearpoint:ICFRE3,
  author       = {Spearpoint, M. and Mowrer, F.W. and McGrattan, K.},
  title        = {{Simulation of a Compartment Flashover Fire Using Hand Calculations, Zone Models and a Field Model}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Fire
                  Research and Engineering (ICFRE3)},
  year         = {1999},
  pages        = {3-14},
  publisher    = {Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Spiegelhalter:Biometrika1983,
  author       = {D.J. Spiegelhalter},
  title        = {{Diagnostic tests of distributional shape}},
  journal      = {Biometrika},
  year         = {1983},
  volume       = 70,
  number       = 2,
  pages        = {401-409}
}

@TECHREPORT{Stewart:HSL,
  author       = {J.R. Stewart and S. Coldrick and C.J. Lea and S.E. Gant and M.J. Ivings},
  title        = {{Validation Database for Evaluating Vapor Dispersion Models for Safety Analysis of LNG Facilities: Guide to the LNG Model Validation Database Version 12}},
  month        = {September},
  year         = 2016,
  institution  = {Health and Safety Laboratory},
  type         = {Report Number},
  number       = {MSU/2016/12},
  address      = {Buxton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom}
}

@TECHREPORT{Steckler:NBSIR_82-2520,
  author       = {Steckler, K.D. and Quintiere, J.G. and Rinkinen, W.J.},
  title        = {{Flow Induced By Fire in A Compartment}},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  year         = {1982},
  month        = {September},
  number       = {82-2520},
  type         = {NBSIR},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@ARTICLE{Stoliarov:PDS2008,
  author       = {S.I. Stoliarov and R.N. Walters},
  title        = {{Determination of the heats of gasification of polymers using differential scanning calorimetry}},
  journal      = {Polymer Degradation and Stability},
  year         = {2008},
  volume       = {93},
  pages        = {422-427}
}

@ARTICLE{Stoliarov:CF2010,
  author       = {S.I. Stoliarov and S. Crowley and R.N. Walters and R.E. Lyon},
  title        = {{Prediction of the burning rates of charring polymers}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  year         = {2010},
  volume       = {157},
  pages        = {2024-2034}
}

@ARTICLE{Stoliarov:CF2009,
  author       = {S.I. Stoliarov and S. Crowley and R.E. Lyon and G.T. Linteris},
  title        = {{Prediction of the burning rates of non-charring polymers}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  year         = {2009},
  volume       = {156},
  pages        = {1068-1083}
}

@ARTICLE{Stoliarov:FM2012,
  author       = {S.I. Stoliarov  and R.E. Lyon and G.T. Linteris},
  title        = {{Prediction of the Gasification Rate of POM, PP, PA66 and PET in Fire-Like Environments}},
  journal      = {Fire and Materials},
  year         = {2012}
}

@article{Stoliarov:IAFSS2023,
  author       = {Stoliarov, Stanislav I. and Ding, Yan},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103905},
  issn         = {03797112},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  keywords     = {Burning rate,Fire dynamics,Flame spread,Ignition of solids,Inverse modeling,Pyrolysis properties},
  pages        = {103905},
  publisher    = {Elsevier Ltd},
  title        = {{Pyrolysis Model Parameterization and Fire Growth Prediction: The State of the Art}},
  volume       = {140},
  year         = {2023}
}

@ARTICLE{Stoll:2008,
  author       = {R. Stoll and F. Port\'{e}-Agel},
  title        = {{Large-Eddy Simulation of the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer using Dynamic Models with Different Averaging Schemes}},
  journal      = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology},
  volume       = {126},
  pages        = {1-26},
  year         = {2008}
}

@MISC{Storm:thesis,
  author       = {Storm, B.M. and M.R. Pantesj\"{o}},
  title        = {The use of simulation in fire investigation},
  year         = {2009},
  howpublished = {Bachelors thesis, Stord/Haugesund University College, Norway}
}

@ARTICLE{Steward:1970,
  author       = {F.R. Steward},
  title        = {Prediction of the height of buoyant diffusion flames},
  year         = {1970},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {2},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {203-212},
}

@ARTICLE{Strang:1968,
  author       = {G. Strang},
  title        = {On the construction and comparison of difference methods},
  year         = {1968},
  journal      = {SIAM J. Numeric. Anal.},
  volume       = {5},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {506},
}

@TECHREPORT{NRC:2,
  author       = {Strizhov, V.},
  title        = {{An Assessment of the CORCON-Mod3 Code}},
  institution  = {{US Nuclear Regulatory Commission}},
  month        = {September},
  year         = {1996},
  number       = {{NUREG/IA-0129}},
}

@BOOK{Stull:2000,
  author       = {R.B. Stull},
  title        = {Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers},
  publisher    = {Brooks/Cole},
  edition      = {2nd},
  address      = {Pacific Grove, California},
  year         = {2000}
}

@TECHREPORT{Suchomel:1,
  author       = {Suchomel, M.R.},
  title        = {{A Preliminary Study of Factors Influencing the Use of Vents with
                  Ordinary-Degree Sprinklers}},
  institution  = {Underwriters' Laboratories for the National Board of
                  Fire Underwriters, File NC449, Assignment 63K4340},
  year         = {1964},
  month        = {July}
}

@TECHREPORT{Sundstrom:1998,
  author       = {B. Sundstr\"{o}m and P. van Hees and P. Thureson},
  title        = {{Results and Analysis from Fire Tests of Building Products in ISO 9705, the Room/Corner Test}},
  number       = {1998:11},
  institution  = {SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute},
  year         = {1998},
  address      = {Bor\r{a}s, Sweden}
}

@TECHREPORT{Sung:TN2019,
  author       = {K. Sung and J. Chen and M. Bundy and M. Fernandez and A. Hamins},
  title        = {{The Characteristics of a 1 m Methanol Pool Fire}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2019},
  month        = {September},
  number       = {in preparation},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@TECHREPORT{Sung:TN2021,
  author       = {K. Sung and A. Hamins},
  title        = {{Velocity and Temperature Structure of Medium-Scale Pool Fires}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2021},
  number       = {in preparation},
  type         = {NIST Technical Note},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Suo-Anttila:PCT2009,
  author       = {Suo-Anttila, J.M. and Blanchat, T.K. and Ricks, A.J. and Brown, A.L.},
  title        = {{Characterization of thermal radiation spectra in 2~m pool fires}},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
  year         = {2009},
  volume       = {32},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {2567-2574}
}

@TECHREPORT{FAA-AR-03-49,
  author       = {J. Suo-Anttila and W. Gill and C. Gallegos and J. Nelsen},
  title        = {{Computational Fluid Dynamics Code for Smoke Transport During an Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fire:
                   Transport Solver, Graphical User Interface, and Preliminary Baseline Validation}},
  institution  = {Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Research},
  address      = {Washington, DC 20591},
  type         = {Report},
  number       = {DOT/FAA/AR-03/49},
  month        = {October},
  year         = {2003}
}

@TECHREPORT{FAA-AR-07-27,
  author       = {J. Suo-Anttila and W. Gill and A. Luketa-Hanlin and C. Gallegos},
  title        = {{Cargo Compartment Smoke Transport Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Validation}},
  institution  = {Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Research and Development},
  address      = {Washington, DC 20591},
  type         = {Report},
  number       = {DOT/FAA/AR-07/27},
  month        = {July},
  year         = {2007}
}

@ARTICLE{Suresh:1997,
  author       = {Suresh, A. and Huynh, H.T.},
  title        = {{Accurate Monotonicity-Preserving Schemes with Runge-Kutta Time Stepping}},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  year         = {1997},
  volume       = {136},
  pages        = {83-99}
}

@ARTICLE{Susott:FS1982,
  author       = {R.A. Susott},
  title        = {{Characterization of the thermal properties of forest fuels by combustible gas analysis}},
  journal      = {Forest Science},
  year         = 1982,
  volume       = 2,
  pages        = {404-420}
}

@ARTICLE{Sweet:1,
  author       = {Sweet, R.A.},
  title        = {{Direct Methods for the Solution of Poisson's Equation on a Staggered Grid}},
  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  year         = {1973},
  volume       = {12},
  pages        = {422-428}
}

@ARTICLE{Takahashi:1,
  author       = {Takahashi, N. and Koseki, H. and Hirano, T.},
  title        = {{Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Radiation from Large Pool
                  Fires}},
  journal      = {Bulletin of Japanese Association of Fire Science and Engineering},
  volume       = {49},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {27-33},
  year         = {1999}
}

@ARTICLE{Takahashi:2007,
  author       = {Takahashi, F. and Linteris, G.T. and Katta, V.R.},
  title        = {{Extinguishment Mechanisms of Coflow Diffusion Flames in a Cup-Burner Apparatus}},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
  volume       = {31},
  pages        = {2721-2729},
  year         = {2007}
}

@ARTICLE{Tamanini:CF1983,
  author       = {F. Tamanini},
  title        = {{Direct Measurement of the Longitudinal Variation of Burning Rate and Product Yield in Turbulent Diffusion Flames}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {51},
  pages        = {231-243},
  year         = {1983}
}

@BOOK{Taylor&Krishna,
  author       = {R. Taylor and R. Krishna},
  title        = {Multicomponent Mass Transfer},
  year         = {1993},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Interscience}
}

@TECHREPORT{Taylor&Kuyatt:1994,
  author       = {B.N. Taylor and C.E. Kuyatt},
  title        = {{Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {1994},
  type         = {{NIST Technical Note 1297}},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@BOOK{TennekesLumley,
  author       = {H. Tennekes and J. L. Lumley},
  title        = {A First Course in Turbulence},
  year         = {1972},
  publisher    = {MIT Press}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Tewarson,
  author       = {M.M. Khan and A. Tewarson and M. Chaos},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Combustion Characteristics of Materials and Generation of Fire Products}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@ARTICLE{Theobald:1981,
  author       = {C. Theobald},
  title        = {{The Effect of Nozzle Design on the Stability and Performance of Turbulent Water Jets}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {4},
  pages        = {1-13},
  year         = {1981}
}

@ARTICLE{Thomas:JFPE,
  author       = {Thomas, I.R. and Moinuddin, K.A.M. and Bennetts, I.D.},
  title        = {{The Effect of Fuel Quantity and Location on Small Enclosure Fires}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {17},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {85-102},
  month        = {May},
  year         = {2007},
}

@TECHREPORT{Thomas:1,
  author       = {Thomas, P.H. and Hinkley, P.L.},
  title        = {{The Design of Roof Venting Systems for Single-Storey Buildings}},
  institution  = {Fire Research Station},
  number       = {No.~10, HMSO, London},
  year         = {1964},
}

@ARTICLE{Tieszen:2002,
  author       = {S. R. Tieszen and T. J. O'Hern and R. W. Schefer and E. J. Weckman and T. K. Blanchat},
  title        = {Experimental Study of the Flow Field In and Around A One Meter Diameter Methane Fire},
  year         = {2002},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {129},
  pages        = {378-391},
}

@ARTICLE{Tieszen:2004,
  author       = {S. R. Tieszen and T. J. O'Hern and E. J. Weckman and R. W. Schefer},
  title        = {Experimental Study of the Effect of Fuel Mass Flux on a 1-m-Diameter Methane Fire and Comparison with a Hydrogen Fire},
  year         = {2004},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {139},
  pages        = {126-141},
}

@ARTICLE{Teiszen:2004b,
  author       = {S. R. Teiszen and H. Pitsch and G. Blanquart and S. Abarzhi},
  title        = {{Toward the development of a LES-SGS closure model for buoyant plumes}},
  journal      = {Stanford Center for Turbulence Research, Proceedings of the Summer Program},
  pages        = {341-352},
  year         = {2004}
}

@BOOK{Toro,
  author       = {E.F. Toro},
  title        = {Riemann Solvers and Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Introduction},
  year         = {1999},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  edition      = {2nd},
}

@ARTICLE{Trelles:JFPE2010,
  author       = {J. Trelles and J.R. Mawhinney},
  title        = {{CFD Investigation of Large Scale Pallet Stack Fires in Tunnels Protected by Water Mist Systems}},
  journal      = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
  volume       = {20},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {149-198},
  month        = {August},
  year         = {2010}
}

@TECHREPORT{Troup:1,
  author       = {Troup, J.M.A},
  title        = {{Large-Scale Fire Tests of Rack Stored Group A Plastics in
                  Retail Operation Scenarios Protected by Extra Large
                  Orifice (ELO) Sprinklers}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  year         = {1994},
  month        = {November},
  number       = {FMRC J.I. 0X1R0.RR},
  note         = {Prepared for Group A Plastics
                  Committee, Lansdale, Pennsylvania},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
}

@TECHREPORT{Troup:2,
  author       = {Troup, J.M.A and Chicarello, P.J.},
  title        = {{Large-Scale Fire Tests of Stored Commodities
                  Protected by Central Model D.64 Sprinklers}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  year         = {1992},
  month        = {September},
  number       = {FMRC J.I. 0W0R4.RR},
  note         = {Prepared for Central Sprinkler Corporation, Lansdale, Pennsylvania},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
}

@TECHREPORT{Troup:3,
  author       = {Troup, J.M.A.},
  title        = {{Large-Scale Fire Tests of Rack Storage of Plastics
                  Protected by Central Model ELO-231 Sprinklers}},
  institution  = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  year         = {1993},
  month        = {June},
  number       = {FMRC J.I. 0X0R4.RR},
  note         = {Prepared for Central Sprinkler Corporation, Lansdale, Pennsylvania},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
}

@ARTICLE{Tsilingiris:ECM2003,
  author       = {P.T. Tsilingiris},
  title        = {{Comparative evaluation of the infrared transmission of polymer films}},
  journal      = {Energy Conversion and Management},
  year         = {2003},
  volume       = {44},
  pages        = {2839-2856}
}

@ARTICLE{Tuntomo:1,
  author       = {Tuntomo, A. and Tien, C. and Park, S.},
  title        = {{Optical Constants of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  year         = {1992},
  volume       = {84},
  pages        = {133--140},
}

@ARTICLE{Tuovinen:FSJ,
  author       = {Tuovinen, H. and Blomqvist, P. and Saric, F.},
  title        = {{Modelling of Hydrogen Cyanide Formation in Room Fires}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {39},
  pages        = {737-755},
  year         = {2004},
}

@BOOK{Turns:1996,
  author       = {Turns, S.R.},
  title        = {An Introduction to Combustion},
  edition      = {2nd},
  year         = {1996},
  publisher    = {McGraw-Hill, New York}
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Tyson:Thesis,
  author       = {P.J. Tyson},
  title        = {{Validation of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) v6.2 for Smoke and Heat Transport in Multi-Storey Multi-Compartment Buildings}},
  year         = {2015},
  address      = {Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom},
  school       = {Ulster University}
}

@TECHREPORT{Vaari:2012,
  author       = {J. Vaari and S. Hostikka and T. Sikanen and A. Paajanen},
  title        = {{Numerical simulations on the performance of water-based fire suppression systems}},
  institution  = {{VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland}},
  address      = {Espoo, Finland},
  year         = {2012},
  type         = {VTT Technology Report},
  number       = {54}
}

@ARTICLE{Vasilyev:2003,
  author       = {O. Vasilyev},
  title        = {Solving Multi-Dimensional Evolution Problems with Localized Structures Using Second Generation Wavelets},
  year         = {2003},
  journal      = {International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics},
  volume       = {17},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {151-168},
}

@ARTICLE{Vervisch:2010,
  author       = {L. Vervisch and P. Domingo and G. Lodato and D. Veynante},
  title        = {Scalar energy fluctuations in {Large}-{Eddy} {Simulation} of turbulent flames: {Statistical} budgets and mesh quality criterion},
  year         = {2010},
  journal      = {Combust. Flame},
  volume       = {157},
  pages        = {778-789},
}

@TECHREPORT{Vettori:1,
  author       = {Vettori, R.},
  title        = {{Effect of an Obstructed Ceiling on the Activation Time of a Residential Sprinkler}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6253},
  year         = {1998},
  month        = {November},
}

@TECHREPORT{Vettori:2,
  author       = {Vettori, R.},
  title        = {{Effect of a Beamed, Sloped, and Sloped Beamed Ceilings on the Activation Time of a Residential Sprinkler}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {7079},
  year         = {2003},
  month        = {December},
}

@ARTICLE{Vreman:2004,
  author       = {Vreman, B.},
  title        = {{An eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model for turbulent shear flow: Algebraic theory and applications}},
  year         = {2004},
  journal      = {Physics of Fluids},
  volume       = {16},
  number     = {10},
  pages        = {3670-3681},
}


@TECHREPORT{Texas,
  author       = {Vettori, R.L. and Madrzykowski, D. and Walton, W.D.},
  title        = {{Simulation of the Dynamics of a Fire in a One-Story
                  Restaurant -- Texas, February 14, 2000}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2002},
  month        = {October},
  type         = {NISTIR},
  number       = {6923},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@TECHREPORT{Utiskul:2003,
  author       = {Y. Utiskul},
  title        = {{Extensive Study of Wall-Vent Compartment Fire Behaviors under Limited Ventilation}},
  institution = {University of Maryland, College Park},
  year = {2003},
  type = {Masters Thesis},
}

@ARTICLE{Wade:FT2007,
  author       = {C. Wade and M.J. Spearpoint and A. Bittern and K. Tsai},
  title        = {{Assessing the sprinkler activation predictive capability of the BRANZFIRE fire model}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {43},
  number       = {3},
  year         = {2007},
  pages        = {175-193},
  note         = {doi: 10.1007/s10694-007-0009-5}
}

@ARTICLE{Wadhwani:IJWF2022,
  author       = {R. Wadhwani and D. Sutherland and A. Ooi and K. Moinuddin},
  title        = {{Firebrand transport from a novel firebrand generator: numerical simulation of laboratory experiments}},
  journal      = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  volume       = {31},
  number       = {6},
  year         = {2022},
  pages        = {634-648},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21088}{https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21088}}
}

@ARTICLE{Wadhwani:FSJ2017,
  author       = {R. Wadhwani and D. Sutherland and A. Ooi and K. Moinuddin and G. Thorpe},
  title        = {{Verification of a Lagrangian Particle Model for Short-range Firebrand Transport}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {91},
  year         = {2017},
  pages        = {776-783},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.019}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.019}}
}

@ARTICLE{Wahlqvist:FSJ,
  author       = {J. Wahlqvist and P. van Hees},
  title        = {{Validation of FDS for large-scale well-confined mechanically ventilated fire scenarios with emphasis on predicting ventilation system behavior}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {62},
  year         = {2013},
  pages        = {102-114}
}

@ARTICLE{Wakatsuki:CST2008,
  author       = {Wakatsuki, K. and Jackson, G. and Kim, J. and Hamins, A. and Nyden, M. and Fuss, S.},
  title        = {Determination of Planck Mean Absorption Coefficients for Hydrocarbon Fuels},
  year         = {2008},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {180},
  nubmer       = {4},
  pages        = {616-630},
}

@PHDTHESIS{Wakatsuki:2005,
  author       = {K. Wakatsuki},
  title        = {{High Temperature Radiation Absorption of Fuel Molecules And An Evaluation of Its Influence on Pool Fire Modeling }},
  year         = {2005},
  school       = {University of Maryland},
  address      = {College Park, Maryland}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{ALOFT:1,
  author       = {Walton, W. and McGrattan, K. and Mullin, J.},
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  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar},
  year         = {1996},
  month        = {June},
  organization = {Environment Canada},
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Walton,
  author       = {W.D. Walton and P.H. Thomas and Y. Ohmiya},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Estimating Temperatures in Compartment Fires}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Wang:IAFSS2002,
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  title        = {{Numerical Simulation of Wind-Aided Turbulent Fires in a Ventilated Model Tunnel}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {161-172},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@ARTICLE{Wang:TUST2019,
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  title        = {{An experimental study on self-extinction of tunnel fire under natural ventilation condition}},
  journal      = {Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology},
  volume       = {84},
  year         = {2019},
  pages        = {177-188}
}

@MASTERSTHESIS{Wang:Thesis,
  author       = {Y. Wang},
  title        = {{A Study of Smoke Movement in Multi-storey Buildings Using Experiments and Computer Modelling}},
  year         = {2008},
  address      = {Ottawa, Ontario, Canada},
  school       = {Carleton University}
}

@ARTICLE{Wang:FT2011,
  author       = {Y. Wang and E. Zalok and G. Hadjisophocleous},
  title        = {{An Experimental Study of Smoke Movement in Multi-Storey Buildings}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {47},
  pages        = {1141-1169},
  year         = {2011}
}

@ARTICLE{Waterman:2,
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  number       = {2},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {1984},
}

@TECHREPORT{Waterman:1,
  author       = {Waterman, T.E. and Foxx, C.E. and Mniszewski, K.R. and Eacret, D.L.},
  title        = {{Fire Venting of Sprinklered Buildings}},
  number       = {IITRI Project J08385},
  note         = {Prepared for the Fire Venting Research Committee},
  institution  = {IIT Research Institute},
  month        = {July},
  year         = {1982},
  address      = "10 West 35th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616",
}

@ARTICLE{Weckman:CF1996,
  author       = {E.J. Weckman and A.B. Strong},
  title        = {{Experimental Investigation of the Turbulence Structure of Medium-Scale Methanol Pool Fires}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {105},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {245-266}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Weller:1,
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  title        = {{Application of a Flame-Wrinkling LES Combustion Model to a
                  Turbulent Mixing Layer}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {1998},
  pages        = {899-907},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Welsh:1,
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  title        = {{Three-dimensional Simulation of a Fire-Resistance Furnace}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium},
  year         = {1997},
  publisher    = "International Association for Fire Safety Science",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Werner:1991,
  author       = {Werner, H. and Wengle, H.},
  title        = {Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow over and around a cube in a plate channel},
  booktitle    = {8th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows},
  year         = {1991},
  address      = {Munich, Germany},
  organization = {Technische University Munich},
  pages        = {155-168}
}

@ARTICLE{Westbrook:1,
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  title        = {{Simplified Reaction Mechanisms for the Oxidation of Hydrocarbon
                  Fuels in Flames}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {27},
  pages        = {31--43},
  year         = {1981},
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@ARTICLE{White:2015,
  author       = {J. P. White and E. D. Link and A. C. Trouv\'e and P. B. Sunderland and A. W. Marshall and J. A. Sheffel and M. L. Corn and M. B. Colket and M. Chaos and H.-Z. Yu},
  title        = {Radiative emissions measurements from a buoyant, turbulent line flame under oxidizer-dilution quenching conditions},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {76},
  number       = {},
  pages        = {74-84},
  year         = {2015}
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@ARTICLE{White:2017,
  author       = {J. P. White and S. Vilfayeau and A. W. Marshall and A. C. Trouv\'e and R. J. McDermott},
  title        = {Modeling flame extinction and reignition in large eddy simulations with fast chemistry},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {90},
  number       = {},
  pages        = {72-85},
  year         = {2017}
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@INBOOK{SFPE:Wickstrom,
  author       = {Wickstr\"{o}m, U.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {Methods for Predicting Temperatures in Fire-Exposed Structures},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Wickstrom:Interflam2007,
  author       = {Wickstr\"{o}m, U. and Duthinh, D. and McGrattan, K.B.},
  title        = {{Adiabatic Surface Temperature for Calculating Heat Transfer to Fire Exposed Structures}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {2007},
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@TECHREPORT{Wickstrom_AST,
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  title        = {{Validation fire tests on using the adiabatic surface temperature for predicting heat transfer}},
  number       = {2009:19},
  institution  = {SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden},
  year         = {2009},
  address      = {Bor\r{a}s, Sweden}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Widmann:1,
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                  Phase Doppler Interferometry}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fire Suppression and Detection Research
                  Application Symposium},
  year         = {2001},
  publisher    = {The Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@BOOK{Wilcox:1,
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  year         = {1998},
  edition      = {2nd},
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@TECHREPORT{Wilson:1980,
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}

@TECHREPORT{DelCo_TN,
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  title        = {{Propane Gas Fire Experiments in Residential Scale Structures}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
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  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
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@ARTICLE{Wiscombe,
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@ARTICLE{Wu:FSJ2000,
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  title        = {Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires using longitudinal ventilation systems---a study of the critical velocity},
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  volume       = {35},
  pages        = {363-390},
  year         = {2000}
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@ARTICLE{Xiao:FT2012,
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  title        = {{Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results of Fire Induced Doorway Flows}},
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  pages        = {595-614},
  year         = {2012}
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@PHDTHESIS{Xin:PhD2002,
  author       = {Y. Xin},
  title        = {A theoretical and experimental study of buoyant turbulent flames with emphasis on soot and radiation},
  school       = {Purdue University},
  address      = {West Lafayette, {USA}},
  year         = {2002}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Xin:NFPA2004,
  author       = {Xin, Y.},
  title        = {{Assessment of Fire Dynamics Simulation for Engineering Applications: Grid and Domain Size Effects}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fire Suppression and Detection Research Application Symposium, Orlando, Florida},
  year         = {2004},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Xin:JSS2005,
  author       = {Xin, Y.},
  title        = {{Baroclinic Effects on Fire Flow Field}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fourth Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections of the
                  Combustion Institute},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2005},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Xin:JSS2003,
  author       = {Xin, Y. and Gore, J.P.},
  title        = {{Measurements and Calculations of Spectral Radiation Intensities in
                  Buoyant Turbulent Flames}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Third Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections of the
                  Combustion Institute},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2003},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Xin:CS2002,
  author       = {Xin, Y. and Gore, J.P. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulation of Buoyant Turbulent Pool Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {259-266},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Xin:CSS2002,
  author       = {Xin, Y. and Gore, J.P. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{Large Eddy Simulation of Buoyant Turbulent Pool Fires}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 2002 Spring Technical Meeting, Central States Section},
  month        = {April},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2002},
}

@ARTICLE{Xin:CF2005,
  author       = {Xin, Y. and Gore, J.P. and McGrattan, K.B. and Rehm, R.G. and Baum, H.R.},
  title        = {{Fire dynamics simulation of a turbulent buoyant flame using a mixture-fraction-based combustion model}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  year         = {2005},
  volume       = {141},
  pages        = {329-335},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Xin:CS2005,
  author       = {Xin, Y. and Gore, J.P.},
  title        = {{Two-dimensional soot distributions in buoyant turbulent fires}},
  booktitle    = {Thirtieth Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2005},
}

@ARTICLE{Yakhot:1989,
  author       = {A. Yakhot and S.A. Orszag and V. Yakhot and M. Israeli},
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  volume       = {1},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {1-51},
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@TECHREPORT{ALOFT:2,
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  institution  = {National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, Japan},
  year         = {1998},
  month        = {November},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang:1,
  author       = {Yang, J.C. and Hamins, A. and Kashiwagi, T.},
  title        = {{Estimate of the Effect of Scale on Radiative Heat Loss Fraction and
                  Combustion Efficiency}},
  journal      = {Combustion Science and Technology},
  volume       = {96},
  pages        = {183--188},
  year         = {1994},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Yang:2,
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  title        = {{The Interaction of Thermal Radiation and Water Mists in Fire Suppression}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Second NRIFD Symposium},
  organization = {National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (Japan)},
  year         = {2002},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang:3,
  author       = {Yang, W. and Parker, T. and Ladouceur, H.D. and Kee, R.J.},
  title        = {{The Interaction of Thermal Radiation and Water Mist in Fire Suppression}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {39},
  pages        = {41-66},
  year         = {2004},
}

@ARTICLE{Yoshioka:FST2012,
  author       = {H. Yoshioka1 and Y. Ohmiya and M. Noaki and M. Yoshida},
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  journal      = {Fire Science and Technology},
  volume       = {31},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {1-22},
  year         = {2012}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Yu:2,
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  pages        = {1165-1176},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Yu:1,
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  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium},
  organization = {International Association For Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {1994},
  pages        = {901-912},
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@TECHREPORT{Yuan:1,
  author       = {Yuan,X. and Chen, Q. and Glicksman, L.R. and Hu, Y. and Yang, X.},
  title        = {{Measurements and Computations of Room Airflow with Displacement Ventilation}},
  institution  = {American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineers},
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  volume       = {105},
  year         = {1999}
}

@ARTICLE{Yuge:1960,
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@ARTICLE{Zagarola:1997,
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  pages        = {239-242}
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@BOOK{Zeldovich:1,
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  title        = {Physics of shock waves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena},
  publisher    = {Dover Publications},
  address      = {New York},
  pages        = {944},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Zhang:IAFSS9,
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  title        = {{Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Heat Impact and Flame Heights from Fires in SBI Tests}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Fire Safety Science},
  year         = {2008},
  month        = {September},
  note         = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
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@ARTICLE{Zhang:2,
  author       = {Zhang, W. and Hamer, A. and Klassen, M. and Carpenter, D. and Roby, R.},
  title        = {{Turbulence Statistics in a Fire Room Model by Large Eddy Simulation}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {37},
  pages        = {721-752},
  year         = {2002},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang:FSJ2008,
  author       = {Zhang, W. and Olenick, S.M. and Klassen, M.S. and Carpenter, D.J. and Roby, R.J. and Torero, J.L.},
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  volume       = {43},
  pages        = {96-107},
  year         = {2008},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Zhang:1,
  author       = {Zhang, W. and Ryder, N. and Roby, R.J. and Carpenter, D.},
  title        = {{Modeling of the Combustion in Compartment Fires Using Large Eddy Simulation Approach}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 2001 Fall Technical Meeting, Eastern States Section},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {2001},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang:JQSR2002,
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  journal      = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer},
  volume       = {73},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {649-653},
  year         = {2002},
}


@PHDTHESIS{Zhou:1995,
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  TITLE        = {Numerical simulations of physical discontinuities in single and multi-fluid flows for arbitrary Mach numbers},
  YEAR         = {1995},
  SCHOOL       = {Chalmers Univ. of Tech.},
  address      = {Goteborg, Sweden},
}

@PHDTHESIS{Zhou:PurduePhD1999,
  author       = {X.C. Zhou},
  title        = {An experimental and theoretical investigation of flows induced by buoyant diffusion flames},
  school       = {Purdue University},
  address      = {West Lafayette, {USA}},
  year         = {1999}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Zhou:CS1998,
  author       = {X.C. Zhou and J.P. Gore},
  title        = {{Experimental estimation of thermal expansion and vorticity distribution in a buoyant diffusion flame}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2001},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Zukoski:IAFSS2,
  author       = {Zukoski, E.E. and Toner, S.J. and Morehart, J.H. and Kubota, T.},
  title        = {{Combustion Processes in Two-Layered Configurations}},
  booktitle    = {Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the Second International Symposium},
  year         = {1989},
  pages        = {295-304},
  publisher    = "Hemisphere Publishing Company",
}

@MISC{Colt:1,
  title        = {{Portsmouth Fire Test}},
  howpublished = {Colt Heating and Ventilation. Internal Report},
  year         = {1966},
}

@MANUAL{FMRC:1,
  title        = {{Fire Tests of Palletized and Racked Tire Storage}},
  month        = {July},
  year         = {1970},
  organization = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
  note         = "Serial No.~19037",
}

@MANUAL{HUD:2,
  title        = {{Safety Considerations in Siting Housing Projects}},
  year         = {1975},
  note         = {{HUD Report 0050137}},
  organization = {Department of Housing and Urban Development},
}

@MANUAL{FM:1,
  title        = {Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation Loss Prevention Data Sheet 8-0},
  organization = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {1977},
}

@TECHREPORT{DOE:1,
  title        = {{Combustion: An Oil Spill Mitigation Tool}},
  year         = {1979},
  institution  = {Department of Energy},
  number       = {DOE/EV-1830-1},
  address      = {Washington DC 20585},
}

@MANUAL{HUD:3,
  title        = {{Urban Development Siting with Respect to Hazardous
                  Commercial/Industrial Facilities}},
  month        = {April},
  year         = {1982},
  note         = {{HUD Report HUD-777-CPD}},
  organization = {Department of Housing and Urban Development},
}

@MISC{NTSB:Caldecott,
  title        = {{Multiple Vehicle Collisions and Fire -- Caldecott Tunnel near Oakland, California, April 7, 1982}},
  howpublished = {Highway Accident Report},
  note         = {NTSB Case Reference Number: HAR-83/01; NTIS Number PB83-916201},
  month        = {Adopted: May 3},
  year         = {1983},
}

@MANUAL{CRAYFISHPAK,
  title        = {{CRAYFISHPAK User's Guide, Cray Version 1.1}},
  organization = {Green Mountain Software},
  address      = {Boulder, Colorado},
  year         = {1990}
}

@MANUAL{NFPA_92,
  title        = {{NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems}},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {2012},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@MANUAL{204M,
  title        = {{NFPA 204M, Guide for Smoke and Heat Venting}},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1991},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@MANUAL{NFPA_805,
  title        = {NFPA 805: Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light-Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {2001},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@MANUAL{NFPA_5000,
  title        = {NFPA 5000: Building Construction and Safety Code},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {2012},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@MANUAL{ISO6182-1,
  title        = {ISO 6182-1, Fire Protection -- Automatic Sprinkler Systems -- Part 1: Requirements
                  and test methods for sprinklers},
  organization = {International Organization for Standardization (ISO)},
  address      = {Geneva, Switzerland},
  year         = {1993}
}

@MANUAL{ISO16730,
  title        = {{ISO 16730, Fire Safety Engineering -- Assessment, Verification and Validation of Calculation Methods}},
  organization = {International Organization for Standardization (ISO)},
  address      = {Geneva, Switzerland},
  year         = {2008}
}

@MANUAL{FM:3,
  title        = {Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation Loss Prevention Data Sheet 8-9},
  organization = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
  month        = {September},
  year         = {1993}
}

@MANUAL{UFC,
  title        = {Uniform Fire Code},
  organization = {International Conference of Building Officials},
  address      = {Whittier, California},
  year         = {1994}
}

@MANUAL{conecal,
  title        = {{ASTM E 1354-04a, Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke
                  Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Combustion
                  Calorimeter}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2007}
}

@MANUAL{diffscancal,
  title        = {{ASTM E 2070-08, Standard Test Method for Kinetic Parameters by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Using Isothermal Methods}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2008},
}

@MANUAL{intgsphere,
  title        = {{ASTM E 1175-87(2009), Standard Test Method for Determining Solar or Photopic Reference, Transmittance, and Absorptance of Materials Using a Large Diameter Integrating Sphere}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2009},
}

@MANUAL{laserflash,
  title        = {{ASTM E 1461-07, Standard Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2007},
}

@MANUAL{microcc,
  title        = {{ASTM D 7309-11, Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2011},
}

@MANUAL{thermalga,
  title        = {{ASTM E 1131-08, Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2008},
}

@MANUAL{transline,
  title        = {{ASTM D 5930-09, Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Plastics by Means of a Transient Line-Source Technique}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2009},
}

@MANUAL{CALTB129,
  title        = {Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings},
  organization = {California Bureau of Home Furnishings},
  year         = {1992},
  address      = {North Highlands, California},
}

@MANUAL{CALTB133,
  title        = {Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies},
  organization = {California Bureau of Home Furnishings},
  year         = {1991},
  address      = {North Highlands, California},
}

@MANUAL{UL1709,
  title        = {{UL 1709, Standard for Rapid-Rise Fire Tests of Protection
                  Materials for Structural Steel}},
  organization = {Underwriters Laboratories},
  address      = {Northbrook, Illinois},
  year         = {1994},
}

@MANUAL{LIFT,
  title        = {{ASTM E 1321, Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread Test}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {1994},
}

@MANUAL{FM:2,
  title        = {Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation Loss Prevention Data Sheet 8-0S},
  organization = {Factory Mutual Research Corporation},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts},
  month        = {January},
  year         = {1994},
}

@MANUAL{231C,
  title        = {Standard for Rack Storage of Materials},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1995},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
  note         = {NFPA 231C},
}

@MANUAL{Memorial,
  title        = {{Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program}},
  organization = {Massachusetts Highway Department and Federal Highway Administration},
  year         = {1995},
  month        = {November},
  note         = {Test report prepared by Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff}
}

@MANUAL{Memorial_Volume_2,
  title        = {{Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program: Natural Ventilation and Longitudinal Ventilation with Jet Fans}},
  organization = {Massachusetts Highway Department and Federal Highway Administration},
  year         = {1995},
  month        = {November},
  note         = {Test report prepared by Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff}
}

@MANUAL{Memorial_Phase_IV,
  title        = {{Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program, Phase IV Report}},
  organization = {Massachusetts Highway Department and Federal Highway Administration},
  year         = {1999},
  month        = {January},
  note         = {Test report prepared by Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff}
}

@MANUAL{HUD:1,
  title        = {{Siting of HUD-Assisted Projects near Hazardous Facilities --
                  A Guidebook, Acceptable Separation Distances from Explosive and
                  Flammable Hazards}},
  month        = {September},
  year         = {1996},
  note         = {{HUD Report HUD-1060-CPD (1)}},
  organization = {Department of Housing and Urban Development},
}

@MANUAL{13,
  title        = {Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1996},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
  note         = {NFPA 13},
}

@INBOOK{NFPA,
  title        = {Fire Protection Handbook},
  publisher    = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {1997},
  edition      = {18th},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts},
}

@MANUAL{SFPE:1,
  title        = {{Engineering Guide for Assessing Flame Radiation to External Targets from Pool Fires}},
  month        = {June},
  year         = {1999},
  organization = {Society of Fire Protection Engineers},
  address      = "Bethesda, Maryland",
}

@TECHREPORT{NRC:1,
  title        = {{International Collaborative Project to Evaluate
                  Fire Models for Nuclear Power Plant Applications -- Summary of
                  Planning Meeting}},
  institution  = {{Nuclear Regulatory Commission}},
  year         = {2000},
  number       = {{NUREG/CP-0170}},
}

@MANUAL{E119,
  title        = {{ASTM E 119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building
                  Construction and Materials}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2002},
}

@MISC{NTSB:1,
  title        = {{NTSB Fire Group -- Factual Report}},
  howpublished = {NTSB Public Docket},
  note         = {NTSB Case Reference Number: DCA 01 MR 004; Accident Site
                  Location Reference: Baltimore, Maryland (Howard Street Tunnel); Accident
                  Date Reference: July 18, 2001},
  month        = {Report Issue Date: October},
  year         = {2002},
}

@MANUAL{ASTM:E1355,
  title        = {{ASTM E1355-12, Standard Guide for Evaluating the
                  Predictive Capabilities of Deterministic Fire Models}},
  organization = {American Society for Testing and Materials},
  year         = {2012},
  address      = {West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania}
}

@MANUAL{IEEE-828,
  title        = {{IEEE Std 828-2005, IEEE Standard for Software Configuration Management Plans}},
  organization = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
  year         = {2005}
}

@MANUAL{IEEE:730,
   Edition = {{IEEE Std 730-2002}},
   Organization = {The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
   Title = {IEEE Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans},
   Year = {2002}
}

@TECHREPORT{NIST_NCSTAR_1,
  title        = {{Report of the Federal Building and Fire Safety
                  Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {2005},
  month        = {July},
  type         = {NIST NCSTAR},
  number       = {1},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland},
}

@MISC{WUI,
  howpublished = {NIST Web Site},
  note = {\href{http://www.fire.nist.gov/wui}{http://www.fire.nist.gov/wui}}
}

@BOOKLET{SCHOTT,
  title        = {{TIE-31: Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Optical Glass}},
  howpublished = {Technical Information, Advanced Optics, SCHOTT AG},
  month        = {July},
  year         = {2004}
}

@BOOK{Klote_Milke,
  author       = {Klote, J.H. and Milke, J.A.},
  title        = {Design of Smoke Management Systems},
  publisher    = {American Society of Heating Refrigeration, and
                  Air-Conditioning Engineers and Society of
                  Fire Protection Engineers},
  address      = {Atlanta, Georgia},
  year         = {1992},
}

@TECHREPORT{Sippola:1,
  author       = {Sippola, M. and Nazaroff, W.},
  title        = {{Particle Deposition from Turbulent Flow: Review of Published Research and Its Applicability to Ventilation Ducts in Commercial Buildings}},
  year         = {2002},
  institution  = {Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory},
  type         = {LBNL Report},
  number       = {51432},
  address      = {Berkeley, California},
}

@TECHREPORT{Bixler:1,
  author       = {Bixler, N.},
  title        = {{VICTORIA 2.0: A Mechanistic Model for Radionuclide Behavior in a Reactor Coolant System Under Severe Accident Conditions}},
  year         = {1998},
  institution  = {US Nuclear Regulatory Commission},
  type         = {NUREG/CR},
  number       = {6131},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
}

@ARTICLE{Cunningham:1,
  author       = {Cunningham, E.},
  title        = {{On the Velocity of Steady Fall of Spherical Particles}},
  journal      = {Proc. Roy. Soc. A},
  year         = {1910},
  pages        = {357},
  volume       = {83},
}

@ARTICLE{Brock:1,
  author       = {Brock, J.},
  title        = {{On the Theory of Thermal Forces Acting on Aerosol Particles}},
  journal      = {J. Coll. Sci.},
  year         = {1962},
  pages        = {768-780},
  volume       = {17},
}

@BOOK{Davies_Charles,
  author       = {Davies, C.},
  title        = {{Aerosol Science}},
  publisher    = {Academic Press},
  address      = {London},
  year         = {1966},
}

@ARTICLE{McCoy_Hanratty,
  author       = {McCoy, D. and Hanratty, T.},
  title        = {{Rate of Deposition of Droplets in Annular Two-Phase Flow}},
  journal      = {Int. J. Multiphase Flow},
  year         = {1977},
  pages        = {319-331},
  volume       = {3},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ludwig_ICONE,
  author       = {W. Ludwig and K. Lehtinen and J. Pyykonen and D. Brown and J. Paraled and J. Jokiniemi and R. Gamble},
  title        = {{CFD Simulation on Aerosol Impaction and Deposition Analysis in a Passive Containment Condenser}},
  booktitle    = {8th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering},
  year         = {2000},
  publisher    = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers",
}

@ARTICLE{Zigrang:1,
  author       = {Zigrang, D. and Sylvester, N.},
  title        = {{A Review of Explicit Friction Factor Equations}},
  journal      = {Transactions of the ASME},
  year         = {1985},
  pages        = {280-283},
  volume       = {107},
}

@ARTICLE{Bartzanas:1,
  author       = {Bartzanas, T. and Boulard, T. and Kittas, C.},
  title        = {{Numerical simulation of the airflow and temperature distribution in a tunnel greenhouse equipped with insect-proof screens in the openings}},
  journal      = {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture},
  year         = {2002},
  pages        = {207-221},
  volume       = {34},
}

@TECHREPORT{GOTHIC,
  author       = {T. George et al.},
  title        = {{GOTHIC Containment Analysis Package Users Manual}},
  institution  = {Numerical Applications, Inc.},
  address      = {Richland, WA},
  type         = {{NAI 8907-02}},
  year         = {2006},
}

@TECHREPORT{Ludwig:NASA,
  author       = {Ludwig, C.B. and Malkmus, W. and Reardon, J.E. and Thomson, J.A.L.},
  title        = {{Handbook of Infrared Radiation From Combustion Gases}},
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program},
  type         = {NASA SP-3080},
  pages        = {496},
  year         = {1973}
}

@TECHREPORT{DOE_G_414,
  author       = {Danielson, G.E. and Lagdon, R.H.},
  title        = {{Safety Software Guide for Use with 10 CFR 830 Subpart A, Qualiity Assurance Requirements, and DOE O 414.1C, Quality Assurance}},
  institution  = {{U.S. Department of Energy}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{DOE G 414.1-4}},
  month        = {June},
  year         = {2005},
}

@TECHREPORT{NUREG_1737,
  author       = {Odar, F.},
  title        = {{Software Quality Assurance Procedures for NRC Thermal Hydraulic Codes}},
  institution  = {{U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{NUREG-1737}},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {2000}
}

@ARTICLE{Viskanta:1987,
  author       = {Viskanta, R and Menguc, M P },
  journal      = {Progress in Energy and Combustion Science},
  pages        = {97--160},
  title        = {{Radiation Heat Transfer in Combustion Systems}},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {1987}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Tien:1968,
  address      = {New York},
  author       = {Tien, C.L.},
  booktitle    = {Advances in Heat Transfer},
  editor       = {Hartnett, J.P. and Irvine, T.F.},
  pages        = {253--324},
  publisher    = {Academic Press},
  title        = {{Thermal Radiation Properties of Gases}},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {1968}
}

@BOOK{Penner:1959,
  address      = {Reading, Massachusetts, USA},
  author       = {Penner, S.S.},
  isbn         = {0201057603},
  pages        = {178--184},
  publisher    = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},
  title        = {{Quantitative molecular spectroscopy and gas emissivities}},
  year         = {1959}
}

@ARTICLE{Mohr:2012,
  author       = {Mohr, Peter J. and Taylor, Barry N. and Newell, David B.},
  journal      = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
  pages        = {1527--1605},
  title        = {{CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010}},
  volume       = {84},
  year         = {2012}
}

@ARTICLE{Matheson:1932,
  abstract     = {An experimental method of measuring the absolute intensities of infrared absorption bands in gases has been used in which the absorbed energy was measured directly by the volume change in the absorbing gas due to the heat evolution in it. The absorption cell was traversed by radiation from a specially constructed infrared monochromator arranged for evacuation. The incident energy density was found through a calibrated thermocouple and galvanometer and the optical characteristics of the monochromator. Measurements were made with various path-lengths of absorbing gas. The absorption was extrapolated to zero by using a logarithmic graph which has many advantages. Line-width forms were investigated. It was found that for CO, $\alpha$=∫$\alpha$vdv was 1.18×1013 for the fundamental vibration band at 4.66$\mu$ and 1.54×1011 for the harmonic. The corresponding Einstein coefficients and the amplitudes of electric moment were calculated. The results of the analysis show that the Lorentz collision broadening type of line shape satisfies the experimental data much better than other line shapes. The line widths of the fundamental and harmonic bands were observed as 0.10 and 0.12 cm-1 at atmospheric pressure which would arise from collision diameters of 5.5A and 6.1A respectively. These line widths are smaller than have been previously reported for infrared lines.},
  author       = {Matheson, LA Lorne},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRev.40.813},
  issn         = {0031-899X},
  journal      = {Physical Review},
  month        = jun,
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {813--828},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  shorttitle   = {Phys. Rev.},
  title        = {{The intensity of infrared absorption bands}},
  volume       = {40},
  year         = {1932}
}

@BOOK{Herzberg:1949,
  address      = {New York},
  author       = {Herzberg, Gerhard},
  edition      = {Fourth Pri},
  pages        = {632},
  publisher    = {D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.},
  title        = {{Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure: II, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules}},
  year         = {1949}
}

@BOOK{Modest:2003,
  author       = {Modest, Michael F.},
  isbn         = {0125031637},
  pages        = {860},
  publisher    = {Academic Press},
  title        = {{Radiative Heat Transfer, Second Edition}},
  url          = {http://www.amazon.com/Radiative-Heat-Transfer-Second-Edition/dp/0125031637},
  year         = {2003}
}

@MISC{III2011,
  author       = {Editor: Russell D. Johnson III},
  booktitle    = {NIST Standard Reference Database Number 101 Release 15b},
  title        = {{NIST Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database}},
  year         = {2011}
}

@TECHREPORT{Walton:1,
  author       = {Walton, W.D.},
  title        = {{ASET-B: A Room Fire Program for Personal Computers}},
  institution  = {National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)},
  year         = {1985},
  type         = {NBSIR},
  number       = {85-3144},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, Maryland}
}

@ARTICLE{Tanaka:1,
  author       = {Tanaka, T. and Yamana, T.},
  title        = {{Smoke Control in Large Scale Spaces (Part 1, Analytic
                   theories for simple smoke control problems)}},
  journal      = {Fire Science and Technology},
  year         = {1985},
  volume       = {5},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {31--40}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Custer,
  author       = {Schifiliti, R.P. and Custer, R.L.P. and Meacham, B.J.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Design of Detection Systems}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Milke,
  author       = {Milke, J.A.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Smoke Control by Mechanical Exhaust or Natural Venting}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Milke2,
  author       = {Milke, J.A.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Anaytical Methods for Determining Fire Resistance of Steel Members}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@INBOOK{SFPE:Mowrer,
  author       = {Mowrer, F.W.},
  title        = {SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering},
  chapter      = {{Enclosure Smoke Filling and Fire-Generated Environmental Conditions}},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2016},
  edition      = {5th},
  address      = {New York}
}

@BOOK{Buchanan:1,
  author       = {Buchanan, A.H.},
  title        = {{Structural Design for Fire Safety}},
  publisher    = {John Wiley and Sons},
  address      = {New York},
  year         = {2001}
}

@ARTICLE{Milke:1,
  author       = {Milke, J.A.},
  title        = {{Smoke Management for Covered Malls and Atria}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  year         = {1990},
  volume       = {26},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {223--243}
}

@ARTICLE{Mowrer:1,
  author       = {Mowrer, F.W.},
  title        = {{Lag Time Associated With Fire Detection and Suppression}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  year         = {1990},
  volume       = {26},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {244--265}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Tukey:1,
  author       = {Tukey, J.W.},
  title        = {{Curves as Parameters, and Touch Estimation}},
  booktitle    = {Proc. Fourth Berkeley Symp. on Math. Statist. and Prob.},
  year         = {1961},
  volume       = {1},
  publisher    = {University of California Press},
  pages        = {681-694}
}

@INBOOK{Webbook:Thermo,
  author       = {D.R. Burgess},
  chapter      = {{Thermochemical Data}},
  title        = {NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69},
  publisher    = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  note         = {http://webbook.nist.gov, (retrieved May 23, 2014)},
}

@INBOOK{Webbook:HeatCapacity,
  author       = {E.S. Domalski and E.D. Hearing},
  chapter      = {Condensed Phase Heat Capacity Data},
  title        = {NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69},
  publisher    = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  note         = {http://webbook.nist.gov, (retrieved May 23, 2014)},
}

@INBOOK{Webbook:BoilingPoint,
  author       = {R.L. Brown and S.E. Stein},
  chapter      = {{Boiling Point Data}},
  title        = {NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69},
  publisher    = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  note         = {http://webbook.nist.gov, (retrieved May 23, 2014)},
}


@INBOOK{Webbook:FluidThermo,
  author       = {E.W. Lemmon and M.O. McLinden and D.G. Friend},
  chapter      = {Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems},
  title        = {NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69},
  publisher    = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  note         = {http://webbook.nist.gov, (retrieved May 23, 2014)},
}

@INBOOK{CRCHandbook,
  editor       = {W.M. Haynes},
  title        = {CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics},
  chapter      = {Thermal Conductivity of Liquids},
  publisher    = {CRC Press/Taylor and Francis},
  year         = {(Internet Version 2015)},
  edition      = {95th},
  address      = {Boca Raton, Florida}
}

@INBOOK{CRCHandbook:Enthalpy_of_Vaporization,
  editor       = {J.R. Rumble},
  title        = {CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics},
  chapter      = {Enthalpy of Vaporization},
  publisher    = {CRC Press/Taylor and Francis},
  year         = {(Internet Version 2020)},
  edition      = {101st},
  address      = {Boca Raton, Florida}
}

@TECHREPORT{FDS_Datacenter_Rpt,
  author       = {J. Floyd and H. Boehmer and D. Gottuk},
  title        = {{Validation of Modeling Tools for Detection Design in High Air flow Environments: Phase II -- Task 4b and 4c: Full Scale Model Verification and Validation}},
  institution  = {Fire Protection Research Foundation},
  year         = {2014},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@TECHREPORT{FM_Datacenter_Rpt,
  author       = {S. Thumuluru and B. Ditch and P. Chatterjee and M. Chaos},
  title        = {{Experimental Data for Modeling Validaton of Smoke Transport in Data Centers}},
  institution  = {FM Global},
  year         = {2014},
  address      = {Norwood, Massachusetts}
}

@ARTICLE{VafaiTien:1981,
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  title        = {{Boundary and Inertia Effects on Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media}},
  journal      = {Int J Heat Mass Trasnfer},
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  pages        = {195--203},
  year         = {1981},
}

@article{lautenberger2014gpyro3d,
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  pages={193--207},
  year={2014}
}

@TECHREPORT{Davidson:1993,
  author       = {T. Davidson},
  title        = {{A Simple and Accurate Method for Calculating Viscosity of Gas Mixtures}},
  institution  = {US Bureau of Mines},
  year         = {1993},
  type         = {{RI 9456}}
}

@ARTICLE{Jennings_S_G,
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  title        = {{The Mean Free Path in Air}},
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  pages        = {159-166}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Bogdan:1,
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  title        = {{Thermal Behavior of Cup Burners}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Interflam Conference},
  year         = {1996},
  publisher    = {Interscience Communications, London},
  pages        = {445--457},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Takahashi:CS2007,
  author       = {F. Takahashi and G. Linteris and V. Katta},
  title        = {{Extinguishment mechanisms of coflow diffusion flames in cup-burner apparatus}},
  booktitle    = {Thirty First Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {2007},
  pages        = {2721--2729},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ural:1,
  author       = {E. A. Ural},
  title        = {{Measurement of the Extinguishing Concentration of Gaseous Fuels Using the Cup-Burner Apparatus}},
  booktitle    = {Halon Options Technical Working Conference},
  year         = {2007},
  pages        = {278--283}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Tapscott:1,
  author       = {R. E. Tapscott},
  title        = {{"Best Values" of Cup-Burner Extinguishing Concentrations}},
  booktitle    = {Halon Options Technical Working Conference},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {265--274}
}

@TECHREPORT{Zabetakis:1965,
  author       = {M. G. Zabetakis},
  title        = {{Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapors}},
  institution  = {US Bureau of Mines},
  year         = {1965},
  type         = {{Bulletin 627}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Moore:1,
  author       = {T. E. Moore and C. A. Weitz and R. E. Tapscott},
  title        = {{An Update and NMERI Cup-Burner Test Results}},
  booktitle    = {Halon Options Technical Working Conference},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {551--564}
}

@TECHREPORT{Grosshandler:Cup,
  author       = {W. L. Grosshandler and R. G. Gann and W. M. Pitts},
  title        = {{Evaluation of alternative in-flight fire suppressants for full-scale testing in simulated aircraft engine nacelles and dry bays}},
  institution  = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
  year         = {1994},
  type         = {{NIST SP 861}}
}

@ARTICLE{Senecal:FSJ,
  author       = {J. A. Senecal},
  title        = {{Flame extingsuishment in the cup-burner by inert gases}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {40},
  year         = {2005},
  pages        = {579-591}
}

@ARTICLE{Sheinson:FSJ,
  author       = {R. S. Sheinson and J. E. Penner-Hahn and D. Indritz},
  title        = {{The physical and chemical action of fire suppressants}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {1989},
  pages        = {437-450}
}

@ARTICLE{Saito:FSJ,
  author       = {N. Saito and Y. Ogawa and Y. Saso and C. Laio and R. Sakei},
  title        = {{Flame-extinguishing concentrations and peak concentrations of N$_2$, Ar, CO$_2$ and their mixtures for hydrocarbon fuels}},
  journal      = {Fire Safety Journal},
  volume       = {27},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {185-200}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hamins:CS1998,
  author       = {A. Hamins},
  title        = {{Flame extinction by sodium bicarbonate powder in a cup burner}},
  booktitle    = {Twenty-seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion},
  organization = {Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year         = {1998},
  pages        = {2857--2864},
}

@MANUAL{NFPA_2001,
  title        = {{NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguising Systems}},
  organization = {National Fire Protection Association},
  year         = {2015},
  address      = {Quincy, Massachusetts}
}

@MANUAL{ISO_14520,
  title        = {{ISO 14520, Gaseous fire-extinguishing systems - Physical properties and system design}},
  organization = {International Organization for Standardization},
  year         = {2006},
  address      = {Geneva, Switzerland}
}

@ARTICLE{Hirst:1,
  author       = {R. Hirst and K. Booth},
  title        = {{Measurement of Flame-Extinguishing Concentrations}},
  journal      = {Fire Technology},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {1977},
  pages        = {296-315}
}

@ARTICLE{Sakei:1,
  author       = {R. Sakei and N. Saito and Y. Saso and Y. Ogawa},
  title        = {{Flame Extinguishing Concentrations of Halon Replacements for Flammable Liquids}},
  journal      = {Report of Fire Research Institute of Japan},
  volume       = {90},
  year         = {1995}
}

@ARTICLE{Weinan:1,
  author = {E, Weinan and Liu, Jian-Guo},
  journal = {Communications in Mathematical Sciences},
  pages = {317--332},
  title = {Gauge Method for Viscous Incompressible Flows},
  volume = {1},
  year = {2003}
}


@ARTICLE{Yamamoto:1,
  author       = {I. Yamamoto and K. Saitor and. S. Yamashika},
  title        = {{Flame Extinguishing Concentration by Cup Burner Method}},
  journal      = {Report of Fire Research Institute of Japan},
  volume       = {57},
  year         = {1984}
}

@article{Bhattacharyya2008,
   title = {The mean distance to the $n$th neighbour in a uniform distribution of random points: an application of probability theory},
   volume = {29},
   number = {3},
   journal = {European Journal of Physics},
   author = {Bhattacharyya, Pratip and Chakrabarti, Bikas K.},
   year = {2008},
   pages = {639-645}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Zeng:26ICDERS,
  author       = {D. Zeng and Y. Wang},
  title        = {{Dependence of Limiting Oxygen Index of Buoyant Turbulent non-premixed Flame on Fuel}},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 26th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems},
  year         = {2017},
  address      = {Boston, Massachusetts}
}

@ARTICLE{Zhao:2014,
  author       = {L.M. Zhao and Y.M. Zhang},
  title        = {{Numerical Case Studies of Vertical Wall Fire Protection Using Water Spray}},
  journal      = {Case Studies in Thermal Engineering},
  volume       = {4},
  pages        = {129-135},
  year         = {2014},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2014.09.002}{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2014.09.002}}
}

@ARTICLE{Zhao:2023,
  author       = {L.M. Zhao and H.M. Zhang},
  title        = {{Numerical Simulation Study on Suppression Effect of Water Mist on PMMA Combustion under External Radiant Heat Flux}},
  journal      = {Frontiers in Materials},
  volume       = {10},
  pages        = {1-8},
  year         = {2023},
  note         = {\href{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1110610}{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1110610}}
}

@phdthesis{Ziegler:thesis,
   author      = {J. Ziegler},
   title       = {{Impacts of Treatments on Forest Structure and Fire Behavior in Dry Western Forests}},
   school      = {Colorado State University},
   address     = {Fort Collins, Colorado},
   year        = {2014}
}

@article{Ziegler:FEM2017,
   author      = {J.P. Ziegler and C.M. Hoffman and M.A. Battaglia and W. Mell},
   title       = {{Spatially explicit measurements of forest structure and fire behavior following restoration treatments in dry forests}},
   volume      = {386},
   journal     = {Forest Ecology and Management},
   year        = {2017},
   note        = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.002}{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.002}}
}

@article{Ziegler:Data2019,
   author      = {J.P. Ziegler and C.M. Hoffman and M.A. Battaglia and W. Mell},
   title       = {{Stem-Maps of Forest Restoration Cuttings in {\em Pinus ponderosa}-Dominated Forests in the Interior West, USA}},
   volume      = {4},
   number      = {68},
   journal     = {Data},
   year        = {2019},
   note        = {\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4020068}{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4020068}}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{setcom_cfd,
  author       = {M{\"u}ller, H. and Lehmkuhl, J. and Hundhausen, A. and Belt, A. and Allelein, H.-J.},
  title        = {{Development of a wall condensation model for coarse mesh containment scale applications}},
  booktitle    = {CFD for Nuclear Reactor Safety Applications (CFD4NRS-6)},
  year         = {2016},
  address      = {cambridge, Massachusetts}
}

@TECHREPORT{NIST_SDG,
  author       = {Mencsh, A. and Cleary, T.},
  title        = {{A Soot Deposition Gauge for Fire Measurements}},
  institution  = {{National Institute of Standards and Technology}},
  address      = {Gaithersburg, MD},
  type         = {{NIST TN 1985}},
  month        = {March},
  year         = {2018},
  note         = {\href{https//dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1985}},
}

@ARTICLE{Tihay:CF2014,
  author       = {V. Tihay and F. Morandini and P. Santoni and Y. Perez-Ramirez and T. Barboni},
  title        = {{Combustion of forest litters under slope conditions: Burning rate, heat release rate, convective and radiant fractions for different loads}},
  journal      = {Combustion and Flame},
  volume       = {161},
  pages        = {3237-3248},
  year         = {2014}
}

@TECHREPORT{Hodges:FRA22,
  author       = {J.L. Hodges and M. DiDomizio and A. Kapahi and B.Y. Lattimer},
  title        = {{Validation of Scaling Laws for Fully-Developed Passenger Rail Car Fires}},
  institution  = {{Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.~Department of Transportation}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{Report Number: DOT/FRA/ORD-22/23}},
  month        = {June},
  year         = {2022},
  note         = {\href{https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/validation-scaling-laws-fully-developed-passenger-rail-car-fires}{https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/validation-scaling-laws-fully-developed-passenger-rail-car-fires}}
}

@TECHREPORT{Yang:FRA20,
  author       = {F. Yang and J.L. Hodges and C. Rippe and S. Kraft and B.Y. Lattimer},
  title        = {{Predicting Fully-Developed Passenger Rail Car Fire Heat Release Rate}},
  institution  = {{Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.~Department of Transportation}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{Report Number: DOT/FRA/ORD-20/32}},
  month        = {August},
  year         = {2020},
  note         = {\href{https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/predicting-fully-developed-passenger-rail-car-fire-heat-release-rate}{https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/predicting-fully-developed-passenger-rail-car-fire-heat-release-rate}}
}

@TECHREPORT{Luo:FRA2019,
  author       = {C. Luo and S. Kraft and M. DiDomizio and M. McKinnon and J.L. Hodges and S. Yazdani and B.Y. Lattimer},
  title        = {{Heat Release Rate Requirements for Railcar Interior Finish}},
  institution  = {{Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.~Department of Transportation}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{Report Number: DOT/FRA/ORD-19/39}},
  month        = {December},
  year         = {2019},
  note         = {\href{https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/heat-release-rate-requirements-railcar-interior-finish}{https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/heat-release-rate-requirements-railcar-interior-finish}}
}

@TECHREPORT{Lattimer:NIJ19,
  author       = {B.Y. Lattimer},
  title        = {{Determination of Material Property Input Data for Fire Modeling}},
  institution  = {{U.S.~Department of Justice}},
  address      = {Washington, DC},
  type         = {{DOJ-255666}},
  month        = {November},
  year         = {2020},
  note         = {\href{https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/255666.pdf}{https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/255666.pdf}}
}

@ARTICLE{Boonmee:2005,
  author       = {N. Boonmee and J.G. Quintiere},
  title        = {{Glowing ignition of wood: the onset of surface combustion}},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
  year         = {2005},
  volume       = {30},
  pages        = {2303-2310}
}

@MISC{gri3:1999,
  author       = {G. P. Smith and D. M. Golden and M. Frenklach and N. W. Moriarty and B. Eiteneer and M. Goldenberg and C. T. Bowman and R. K. Hanson and S. Song and W. C. Gardiner Jr. and V. V. Lissianski and Z. Qin},
  title        = {GRI-Mech 3.0},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/}},
  year         = {1999}
}


@MISC{cvodeDoc:2024,
  author       = {A. C. Hindmarsh and R. Serban and C. J. Balos and D. J. Gardner and D. R. Reynolds and C. S. Woodward},
  title        = {User Documentation for CVODE},
  howpublished = {\url{https://sundials.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cvode/index.html}},
  year         = {2023},
  note        = {v6.7.0}
}

@MISC{cantera:2023,
    author = "D. G. Goodwin and H. K. Moffat and I. Schoegl and R. L. Speth and B. W. Weber",
    title = "Cantera: An Object-oriented Software Toolkit for Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Transport Processes",
    year = 2023,
    note = "Version 3.0.0",
    howpublished = "\url{https://www.cantera.org}",
    doi = {10.5281/zenodo.8137090}
}

@TECHREPORT{chemkin:2000,
  author = {R. J. Kee and F. M. Rupley and J. A. Miller and M. E. Coltrin and J. F. Grcar and E. Meeks and H. K. Moffat and A. E. Lutz and G. DixonLewis and M. D. Smooke and J. Warnatz and G. H. Evans and R. S. Larson and R. E. Mitchell and L. R. Petzold and W. C. Reynolds and M. Caracotsios and W. E. Stewart and P. Glarborg and C. Wang and O. Adigun},
  title = {{CHEMKIN Collection Release 3.6, The Chemkin Thermodynamic Database}},
  institution = {Reaction Design, Inc., San Diego, CA},
  year = {2000}
}

@techreport{chemkin:1989,
  author = {R. J. Kee and F. M. Rupley and J. A. Miller},
  title = {{CHEMKIN-II: A Fortran chemical kinetics package for the analysis of gas-phase chemical kinetics}},
  institution = {Sandia National Laboratories},
  year = {1989},
  number = {SAND89-8009}
}

@article{TianfengLu:2008,
title = "A criterion based on computational singular perturbation for the identification of quasi steady state species: A reduced mechanism for methane oxidation with NO chemistry",
author = "Tianfeng Lu and Law, {Chung K.}",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.04.025",
volume = "154",
pages = "761--774",
journal = "Combustion and Flame",
issn = "0010-2180",
number = "4",
}

@InProceedings{Smooke:1995,
author="Smooke, Mitchell D. and Giovangigli, V.",
title="Simplified transport and reduced chemistry models of premixed and nonpremixed combustion",
booktitle="Modeling in Combustion Science",
year="1995",
publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
address="Berlin, Heidelberg",
pages="79--106"
}

@article{Luo:2012,
title = {Chemical explosive mode analysis for a turbulent lifted ethylene jet flame in highly-heated coflow},
journal = {Combustion and Flame},
volume = {159},
number = {1},
pages = {265-274},
year = {2012},
issn = {0010-2180},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.05.023},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218011001696},
author = {Zhaoyu Luo and Chun Sang Yoo and Edward S. Richardson and Jacqueline H. Chen and Chung K. Law and Tianfeng Lu}
}

@article{Qin:20001,
title = {Combustion chemistry of propane: A case study of detailed reaction mechanism optimization},
journal = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {1663-1669},
year = {2000},
issn = {1540-7489},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80565-2},
author = {Zhiwei Qin and Vitali V. Lissianski and Huixing Yang and William C. Gardiner and Scott G. Davis and Hai Wang},
}

@article{Zettervall2017,
title = {Large Eddy Simulation of a premixed bluff body stabilized flame using global and skeletal reaction mechanisms},
journal = {Combustion and Flame},
volume = {179},
pages = {1-22},
year = {2017},
issn = {0010-2180},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.007},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218016303704},
author = {N. Zettervall and K. Nordin-Bates and E.J.K. Nilsson and C. Fureby},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Tao:2007,
author = {Tao, Feng and Reitz, Rolf and Foster, D.},
year = {2007},
title = {Revisit of Diesel Reference Fuel (n-Heptane) Mechanism Applied to Multidimensional Diesel Ignition and Combustion Simulations},
booktitle    = {Seventeenth International Multidimensional Engine Modeling User's Group Meeting at the SAE Congress, April 15, 2007, Detroit, Michigan},
}

@MISC{chemeo,
  title        = {{Chem{\'e}o, Chemical Properties Database, Chemical Properties of Methyl methacrylate (CAS 80-62-6)}},
  note         = {Accessed: August 30, 2024},
  howpublished = {\href{https://www.chemeo.com/cid/57-301-4/Methyl-methacrylate}{https://www.chemeo.com/cid/57-301-4/Methyl-methacrylate}}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Wasson2014:Thesis,
  author       = {Wasson, Rachel},
  keywords     = {coefficient,fire impingement,fire plume,flames impinging onto ceilings,gas temperature,hybrid heat flux gauge,irradiation,of convective heat transfer,separation of the heat,transfer components from diffusion},
  school       = {Virginia Tech},
  title        = {{Separation of the Heat Transfer Components from Diffusion Flames Impinging onto Ceilings}},
  year         = {2014}
}
